The need to predict and regulate outside interferences is a powerful everyday motivation which is further enhanced in Other culture situations. This paper explores the spatial and behavioural aspects of control as a result of cumulative learning in intercultural adaptation in tourism. An important geographical dimension of control management is the tactic of escape to the metaworlds: the ways tourists travel between the secluded metaspaces of tourism and the Other public space in order to regulate their exposure to cultural difference. In the case discussed -today's institutionalized backpacking in India -the perception of control is achieved by an interesting variety of spatiotemporal and behavioural decisions which together create the metaspatial dimension of tourism. The search for predictability and cultural dominance and the consequent segregation, rather than limitless individual exploration, construct the culture of today's international tourism.
This chapter analyses the effectiveness of tourism development in achieving better means of subsistence and conservation in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. The text is largely based on qualitative research material collected between June and December 2007 at Sankoyo, Khwai and Mababe in the Delta. The goal to increase financial returns, especially to those communities living in wildlife areas, is being achieved in the Okavango Delta. This is illustrated by tourism development through CBNRM having improved rural livelihoods at Sankoyo, Khwai and Mababe villages.
This chapter provides a synthesis of the experience of planning route tourism as a vehicle for Local Economic Development (LED) in South Africa. The concept 'tourism route' refers to an initiative designed to bring together an array of activities and attractions under a unified theme and thereby to stimulate entrepreneurial opportunities in the form of ancillary products and services. The organization and support for route tourism in South Africa represent a critical local planning response for promoting an acceleration of tourism arrivals and, in certain cases, for achieving the broader objective of local 'shared growth', which is an important issue for tourism-led LED across Africa.
This chapter discusses opportunities and challenges for implementing a national tourism policy in Namibia and, therefore, analyses the role of tourism in Namibia's post-apartheid transformation process. This will be done by reviewing the perceptions of private- and community-based tourism entrepreneurs of the major development objectives of the Namibian tourism policy. These are: (i) economic growth; (ii) employment creation; (iii) poverty reduction; (iv) black economic empowerment; (v) environmental and ecological sustainability; and (vi) reduction of regional development inequities. The research draws from three interdisciplinary fields, i.e. development studies, tourism studies and public policy research. The field research was carried out from December 2006 to February 2007 and from June to August 2008. Semi-structured interviews and field observation were carried out in three private trophy hunting farms, four private tourist lodges and four community-based tourism enterprises. The six tourism policy objectives were discussed with a total of 30 interviewees, and informal discussions were carried out with a further 52 individuals. The findings indicate that there are many challenges for policy implementation, which is already an inherently complicated process.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.