Concrete can be found in various types of environments during its service life. Marine environment is one of the most aggressive and complex due to its diverse actions and variable nature. Achieving designed service life with the least embodied energy for materials production, construction and maintenance of marine structures is an important task. To meet the criteria of economy and environmental protection, concrete is made of locally available cements and aggregates. Additional benefits to reduce energy consumption but also to prevent landfills can be achieved if part of the cement is replaced with by−products of other industries. A research project entitled ''Concrete development for sustainable construction in the marine environment'' aims to develop an optimized concrete mixes for Adriatic marine environment. This paper gives the overview of activities planned to achieve that goal. The project focuses on the design of the composition of the concrete mix, striving for an optimally sustainable solution between service life, energy consumption and environmental impact.
Concrete can be found in various types of environments during its service life. Marine environment is one of the most aggressive and complex due to its diverse actions and variable nature. Achieving designed service life with the least embodied energy for materials production, construction and maintenance of marine structures is an important task. To meet the criteria of economy and environmental protection, concrete is made of locally available cements and aggregates. Additional benefits to reduce energy consumption but also to prevent landfills can be achieved if part of the cement is replaced with by−products of other industries. A research project entitled ''Concrete development for sustainable construction in the marine environment'' aims to develop an optimized concrete mixes for Adriatic marine environment. This paper gives the overview of activities planned to achieve that goal. The project focuses on the design of the composition of the concrete mix, striving for an optimally sustainable solution between service life, energy consumption and environmental impact.
In order to reduce the emission of CO2 and the harmful impact on the environment during the production of concrete, it is important to think about the design of concrete mixes. In practice, the amount of cement is reduced by using cement with mineral additives (fillers) or, more rarely, by replacing part of the cement with mineral additives during the preparation of concrete. This does not go into the detailed characterization of the additives, nor the analysis of possible physical and chemical interactions between the particles, which is why the real potential of replacing part of the cement is often not realized. A fundamental approach to the mentioned problem can be realized through the theory of particle packing. In this paper, the existing methods of optimizing particle packing are presented, an insight is given into the most important parameters that define particle packing, and finally, a review of the literature shows how the amount of Portland cement in concrete mixes is reduced in recent times by optimizing the density of particle packing.
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