Structural changes of the human telomeric d(TTAGGG)4 sequence (Tel24) in the presence of sodium ions and urea were studied using SERS spectroscopy. The SERS spectra indicated that Tel24 (4 × 10−5 mol/l) formed an anti‐parallel G‐quadruplex in a medium containing Na+ ions (100 mmol/l), which was disrupted by the subsequent addition of urea (7.2 mol/l). Intensity ratios of SERS bands originating from breathing vibrations of adenine (~730 cm−1) and guanine (~660 cm−1) rings clearly pointed to the urea‐induced unfolding of G‐quadruplex. In addition, SERS bands assigned to guanine implied the breaking of Hoogsteen hydrogen bonds, most likely due to the bonding of guanine bases with the urea molecules. Considering various experimental conditions applied, the structure‐related SERS response was more pronounced in the silver than in the gold colloid as well as upon NIR (785 nm) rather than Vis (532 nm) laser excitation. The CD spectra of the same colloidal samples supported structural changes of Tel24 obtained by SERS.
Culinary terminology of a social environment is an indicator of cultural and linguistic influences. The aim of this paper is to represent the part of culinary lexical structure, the names of meals and sweets in the settlements in Burgenland. This paper covers the lexicological and etymological analysis of material collected from the dictionary Gradišćanskohrvatsko-hrvatsko-nimški rječnik.
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