The development of industrial parks began in the 1960s with the transformation of previous production systems and the technological change. Initially, the first industrial areas were developed spontaneously when positive externalities rose from the close spatial proximity of companies. Therefore, the producing plants started to build common infrastructure and a variety of special facilities within the industrial areas which resulted in the concentration of production and creating the first industrial parks. The industrial spatial structure has changed and taking the positive benefits of proximity in mind, the creation of industrial parks has become conscious. This trend has reached the Central and Eastern European countries later, consequentially the first initiatives were realized at the beginning of the 1990s after the collapse of the soviet bloc. The postsocialist countries have tried to take over the methods and strategies used in Western European countries but due to the different economic, political, social backgrounds in these states diverse development dimensions can be observed in the case of industrial parks. In the present study, the authors will introduce a historical overview of industrial parks' development, the characterization of parks and the characteristics of certain park types. Moreover, the paper will review the main terminological information related to the parks. The parks will be examined in three Central and Eastern European countries (Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria), looking for similarities and differences between industrial parks in the listed states.
Economic development of a municipality is highly depended on organizations and institutions, which services target local entrepreneurs and other economic actors. In the summer of 2015 we have collected and mapped the services of organizations with the function of economic development in the Hungarian city, Győr. Through our research we could identify the services and the characteristics of linkages and cooperation of the economic development organizations (EDOs). Most important findings of the study are the followings: activity of the organizations has a wide range. Some of them are presented in more organizations at the same time. Level of diversification is quite low. Directions of cooperation are mainly based on personal or ad hoc relations. We conducted that EDOs know about each other, despite of this fact the number of linkages is low. In this paper we provide findings about Győr, but the results can be used for other settlements' economic development, too.
A tanulmány célja, hogy a regionális tudományban használatos ipari park terminus jelentésváltozásait bemutassa, bebizonyítva, hogy a regionális tudományban az egyes ipari terek, területek elnevezése rendkívül színes képet mutat. Az ipari park mint entitás rövid bemutatása után rámutatunk arra, hogy napjainkban az ipari park fogalma más értelmet nyert, nyugat-európai országokban már kevésbé használatos, mellette és/vagy helyette megjelennek a tudományos park, technológiai park terminusok a hasonló entitások jelölésére. Jelen tanulmány a regionális tudományban és a gyakorlatban, az ipari park terminus használatában tapasztalható terminológiai zavar és bizonytalanság tisztázásához kíván hozzájárulni.
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