This article presents the results of a research study focusing on the effect of tilt angle changes on the power balance of photovoltaic (PV) systems. The objective of this study was to determine tilt-angle-induced differences in the power balance of two different types of photovoltaic modules: bifacial and monofacial. A comparison of the power balance results, obtained for the PV modules installed on the roof a building with tilt angles of 25° and 90°, was made. Ultimately, the simulation of power changes was performed for the modules installed on the roof with different black and white surfaces. The measurement data were collected using the solar invertors FRONIUS IG and the pyranometer CMP 11. The results obtained indicate that the PV system integrated into the building's façade had a better power balance than the PV system installed on the building's roof in the period from October to January. The power of the bifacial PV modules considered was found to be greater than that of the monofacial PV modules considered. The energy production of bifacial modules proved greatly dependent on the roof surface reflection coefficient.
The primary purpose of this study is to create a thermal model of a photovoltaic module which is usable under real climatic conditions in the Central Europe region. The system for temperature measurements of the photovoltaic module was designed and built at the Department of Physics SUA in Nitra. The climate data utilized in the present study were obtained from a weather station. The measurements were performed during the summer on PV modules. The results obtained indicate that the response of the module temperature is dynamic with changes in irradiance and module temperature, particularly during the periods of fluctuating irradiance. Mathematical descriptions of the obtained time-temperature and time-irradiance relations were made on the basis of the experimental results obtained. A second-degree polynomial function was established for every graphical relation obtained with relatively high coefficients of determination. The temperature model of PV modules was generated after fitting the experimental results to real dependencies and correlation analysis values.
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