Waste generation by the construction industry is a significant issue for the industry and for society generally.The paper examines previous studies of attitudes to waste management within the industry and by means of a small questionnaire study sets out to examine: the extent of labour only sub-contractors' awareness and understanding of waste as an issue, their perceptions of the causes of waste and their attitudes towards the allocation of financial responsibility for waste minimisation. The survey shows that the results of previous studies can be extended to labour only sub-contractors and it identifies a willingness, beyond what might have been anticipated for this group, to accept some of the costs of waste reduction.
United Kingdom with greatest pressure for development. The research attempts to identify the perceptions and approaches of local planning authorities and applicants so that future guidance can be targeted to ensure the effective use of the development control process in achieving a sustainable approach to flood risk management.It outlines previous government guidance to local planning authorities on flood risk matters and summarises the background to the introduction of Planning Policy Guidance PPG25 Agency of National Standing Advice to the local planning authorities will overcome several of the problems in the operation of PPG25 to date. It will however require local planning authorities to consider how best to advise the many individuals making one off applications that are low risk in terms of development type and location. Circular 30/92Formal Government guidance on development and flood risk has long been issued. Although described as 'guidance' Howarth (2002) pointed out that this must be followed unless † Government departments having oversight over the planning process have undergone changes over time. In the period covered by this paper, the relevant departments have been as follows: Department of the Environment (DOE) Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR) Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions (DTLR) Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (ODPM) P o s t -P r i n t
Public bodies have no statutory duty to provide flood defences and do not have funds available to meet all requests for them. This had led to recognition that flood prevention is not something to be left to others and there is now encouragement to householders to undertake "do it yourself" flood defence. Such measures are not without risk of damage to other properties. An investigation has therefore been undertaken to establish whether there is associated legal liability should such damage occur. No cases have been published directly concerning liability for damage resulting from these activities. However the Doctrine of Precedent declares that cases must be decided the same way when their material facts are the same. Cases are identified which have relevant similar material facts, although not arising from modern "do it yourself" flood defence. The ratio decidendi of cases concerning the receipt and passage of naturally flowing water, the increased passage of water to the property of others, and the overtopping or failure of structures that have held back water is examined. These cases are then discussed in the context of home flood defence. It is concluded that protecting one's property from flooding is legally a relatively safe activity.
This paper examines whether surveyors engaged in mortgage valuation inspections using questionnaire style report forms supplied by lending institutions, are subject to an increased risk of liability in respect of identifying the present and future threat of subsidence to domestic properties.Analysis of the mortgage valuation report forms used by 34 different lending institutions, showed that 20% failed to ask any subsidence related questions, only 6% 1 asked about the geology or soil type of the site, and only 9% asked about the location of trees relative to the building. Evaluation of the report forms showed that the type, quality and quantity of questioning were such that 24 out of the 34 were inadequate and unreliable, leaving the surveyor at an increased risk of litigation.
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