Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the UK Copyright Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publication may not be reproduced, stored, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction only in accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency in the UK, or in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the appropriate Reproduction Rights Organization outside the UK. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the terms stated here should be sent to the publishers at the Glasgow address printed on this page.The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and the accompanying disk, and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made.Whilst every effort has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the contents of this book and the accompanying disk, Procter & Gamble and the Authors do not accept any liability or responsibility for any action taken or arising from any idea, information or software contained in or referred to in this work.

Article:Paulley, N., Balcombe, R., Mackett, R. et al. (5 more AbstractThis paper reports on key findings from a collaborative study whose objective was to produce an up-to-date guidance manual on the factors affecting the demand for public transport for use by public transport operators and planning authorities, and for academics and other researchers. Whilst a wide range of factors was examined in the study, the paper concentrates on the findings regarding the influence of fares, quality of service and income and car ownership. The results are a distillation and synthesis of identified published and unpublished information on the factors affecting public transport demand. The context is principally that of urban surface transport in Great Britain, but extensive use was made in the study of international sources and examples.

No abstract

The attraction of the red turpentine beetle,Dendroctonus valens, to the resin volatiles of its host,Pinus ponderosa, is elicited by three chiral monoterpenes. In field assays response was greatest to (S)-(-)-β-pinene; 92% (S)-(-)-α-pinene found inP ponderosa resin was not attractive. However, 75% (R)-(+)-α-pinene, which occurs inPinus lambertiana, a sympatric host ofD. valens, was attractive. (S)-(-)-α-Pinene interrupted response to (R)-(+)-α-pinene. (S)-(+)-3-Carene from both hosts was attractive at the (R)-(+)-α-pinene level. Three sympatric coniferous nonhosts each have the same attractive monoterpenes but produce less resin. These studies demonstrate the importance of chirality of host compounds in the host finding behavior of this bark beetle.

Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the UK Copyright Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publication may not be reproduced, stored, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction only in accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency in the UK, or in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the appropriate Reproduction Rights Organization outside the UK. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the terms stated here should be sent to the publishers at the Glasgow address printed on this page.The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and the accompanying disk, and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made.Whilst every effort has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the contents of this book and the accompanying disk, Procter & Gamble and the Authors do not accept any liability or responsibility for any action taken or arising from any idea, information or software contained in or referred to in this work.