Abstract-We have designed and fabricated an out-of-plane coupler for butt-coupling from fiber to compact planar waveguides. The coupler is based on a short second-order grating or photonic crystal, etched in a waveguide with a low-index oxide cladding. The coupler is optimized using mode expansion-based simulations. Simulations using a 2-D model show that up to 74% coupling efficiency between single-mode fiber and a 240-nm-thick GaAs-AlO waveguide is possible. We have measured 19% coupling efficiency on test structures.Index Terms-Integrated optics, optical planar waveguide components, waveguide coupler.

In vitro evaluation of a large chemical library of pharmacologically acceptable prototpe compounds in a

The distribution of Schottky barrier heights over the contact area in Au/III-V semiconductor (GaAs, InP, Al x Ga 1−x As, In x Ga 1−x As) diodes was determined using ballistic electron emission microscopy. Samples which received a chemical pretreatment in aqueous HF or HCl solutions showed changes in the barrier height distribution. In some cases, short rinses in deionized water could remove these effects. Additional XPS measurements and our former work on Si enabled us to propose a model wherein negatively charged species containing F or Cl at the interface are assumed to be responsible for these changes in barrier height distribution. However, in some cases, these effects were shadowed by more drastic influences due to the chemical processing such as changes in the stoichiometry of the surface region.

Results are presented on planar microcavity light emitting diodes with different device diameters. A record external quantum efficiency of 20% is achieved for a 1.5 mm light emitting diode. The strong dependence of the quantum efficiency on current density and device size are compared with theoretical results. A good correspondence is obtained when spectral broadening and photon recycling are taken into account.