A liquid membrane electrode based on a lipophilic derivative of vitamin B12 Is described which exhibits a selectivity sequence N02" > SCN" >> CI04~> Cl" ~NOg", with a preference for N02" over NOg" and Cl" by >1042 and 1048, respectively. Response times are on the order of seconds and the emf drift of the cell assembly is smaller than 5 ¿tV/h. The potentiometrlcally observed reversible response of the membrane system can be correlated with the coordination of the substrate anion to the lipophilic Co(III) complex using spectrophotometrlc techniques. The cationic Co(III) complex acts as a very selective charged carrier for anions.
Introduction. -Certain derivatives of vitamin B,2 such as 2a and 2b were shown to behave as positively charged carriers for anions which induce an anion selectivity sequence in membranes clearly deviating from that of classical anion exchangers such as tridodecyl(methy1)ammonium chloride (1 ; so-called Hofmeister series [ 11) [24]. So far, such a selectivity behaviour has only been observed for systems with a Co(II1) center complexed by a corrin-ring system [2], which is known to exhibit exceptionally fast
In this naturalistic study, 262 audiotaped psychotherapy sessions--randomly drawn from 81 individual therapies from eight different psychotherapy approaches--were rated completely on treatment adherence using a newly developed rating manual. In the therapy sessions, a relatively low percentage of treatment specific interventions (ranging from 4.2% to 27.8%) was found for all eight approaches, 50% to 73% of the interventions were nonspecific or common, and approximately 18% to 27% were intervention techniques from other approaches. Different types of psychotherapy differed highly significantly in levels of treatment adherence. There was no statistically significant association between the type of psychotherapy and its outcome, or between the degree of therapists' treatment fidelity and the treatment outcome. However, there were significant associations between therapists' degree of professional experience, clients' initial psychological burden, and treatment response. Clients' severity of psychological problems prior to treatment predicted quality of therapeutic alliance while therapists' treatment adherence was predicted by therapists' professional experience and by the quality of the therapeutic alliance. We discuss the seemingly indirect importance of treatment adherence for psychotherapy outcome that we found in this study in relation to findings from other studies and in the context of the role of schools within psychotherapy.
Zero-current counter-transport studies as well as electrodialytic transport experiments on solvent polymeric membranes doped with ionophores for anions have been carried out and were compared with potentiometric measurements on the same membranes. A theoretical description of the observed phenomena corroborates that lipophilic complexes of Co(II1) (e.g. aquacyano[heptakis(2-phenylethyl)]Co(III) cobyrinate perchlorate) and Mn(II1) (e.g. lipophilic Mn(II1)porphyrin complexes) act as positively charged carriers for anions, whereas a lipophilic Ru(I1)porphyrin complex has to be described as an electrically neutral carrier for anions.Introduction. -Lipophilic derivatives of vitamin B,, (so-called cobesters such as aquocyano[heptakis(2-phenylethyl)]Co(III) cobyrinate perchlorate) were introduced
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