Present industrial market needs require many lubricants to provide adequate long-term performance in a given application, to be compatible with components and typical contaminants found in the system, and to be environmentally acceptable. The aim of this paper is to show that a new ashless antiwear FZG agent meets these current market trends by presenting detailed evaluations of several aspects of its performance. These will include its superior FZG activity, minimal detrimental effects on the oxidation, thermal, and hydrolytic stability of resulting fornzulated lubricants, and compatibility with various system contaminants in rypical industrial formulations. Finally, the perfornmnce of this neMJ FZG active ashless antiwear agent was compared to those formulated with antiwear technology presently available in the industrial lubricants' market sector.
Engines can be damaged in many ways: the principal oil‐related problems are due to deposit formation and viscosity increase. A first step in minimising the consequences of oil degradation is to reduce the formation of sludge and deposits. This can be accomplished by the judicious use of metal‐free (ashless) anti‐oxidants. Detergent/dispersant additives play a critical role in extending lubricant life by cleaning up deposits and keeping them in solution, and by neutralising acids formed during the combustion process. Several different types of antioxidants that can successfully eliminate precursors that lead to deposit formation and viscosity increase in oils in both gasoline and diesel engines have been identified. A novel, ashless, multifunctional additive that confers thermo‐oxidative stability and friction modification to engine lubricants is described here.
The long-term thermo-oxidative stability of lubricants and greases is a prerequisite to meet today's 'stay in grade' and extended drain interval requirements. To achiezie this goal, there is a need for a better understanding of thermo-oxidative lubricant degradation and of how antioxidants can affect this process. In this paper a tuio-stage degradation model is discussed. Primary degradation leads to the formation of very reactive species such as radicals and peroxides. These are the precursors for generating secondary degradation products, such as oligomers, sludge, or deposits. By applying the theory of reaction kinetics and the Arrhenius law, quantitative correlations may be derived between oxidation induction time (OIT) and temperature, and between OIT and antioxidant treat level. Pressurised differential scanning calorimetry (PDSC) data confirm these theoreticalfindings and demonstrate the benefit of the addition of aininic antioxidants i n comparison with high-molecular-weight hindered phenolic antioxidants.
Environmentally considerate lubricants (ECLs)—the so called “bio oils”—were introduced in the mid 80s to minimize impact of lubrication on the environment. In the early 1990s the German RAL (Blue Angel) and the Swedish Standard organisations defined corresponding specifications for ECLs, other Eco-Labels followed. In 2005 the European Community released the directive 2005/360 defining the toxicity and ecotoxicity profile for ECLs, which qualifies them for the Euro-Marguerite. For more than 20 years top tier ECLs were used in mobile and stationary hydraulic equipment. Well documented field experiences not only demonstrate these lubricants contribute to the fulfillment of the new laws but also meet technical requirements for this equipment. In this paper important EC Directives related to lubricants and the protection of the environment are discussed and how they are implemented into national laws. In addition the benefits of ECL in hydraulic equipment are addressed.
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