Partial tears of the subscapularis tendon are not uncommon findings during shoulder arthroscopic procedures and are associated with extensive rotator cuff disease. They do not appear to be associated with glenohumeral instability, but a possible association with atypical forms of instability (subclinical or superior instability) cannot be excluded by this study. The absence of a significant association between the lesion and specific subjective symptoms or physical findings suggests that caution should be taken when attributing a specific symptom to this condition.
High-resolution transabdominal ultrasound done by experienced examiners has an excellent diagnostic accuracy in the diagnosis of complications in patients with Crohn's disease. Thus, it can be recommended as one of the primary investigative procedures for evaluation of Crohn's disease.
We evaluated two reconstruction techniques for a simulated posterolateral corner injury on ten pairs of cadaver knees. Specimens were mounted at 30° and 90° of knee flexion to record external rotation and varus movement. Instability was created by transversely sectioning the lateral collateral ligament at its midpoint and the popliteus tendon was released at the lateral femoral condyle. The left knee was randomly assigned for reconstruction using either a combined or fibula-based treatment with the right knee receiving the other. After sectioning, laxity increased in all the specimens. Each technique restored external rotatory and varus stability at both flexion angles to levels similar to the intact condition. For the fibula-based reconstruction method, varus laxity at 30° of knee flexion did not differ from the intact state, but was significantly less than after the combined method. Both the fibula-based and combined posterolateral reconstruction techniques are equally effective in restoring stability following the simulated injury.
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