The recently described novel gyroviruses may infect chickens and/or humans, however, their pathogenic potential is unknown. In our metagenomic investigation we detected many of the novel gyroviruses in the fecal viromes of ferrets with lymph node and organ enlargement. The whole genomic sequences of selected gyrovirus strains showed 90.7-99.4% similarity with homologous reference gyrovirus strains. This study does not elucidate an association between gyrovirus shedding of ferrets and the observed background disease; however, it provides evidence for genetic diversity within gyroviruses and raises the possibility that pet ferrets may transmit gyroviruses to heterologous hosts, e.g. humans.Manuscript Click here to download Manuscript: 20140623_MS_Feher.doc Click here to view linked References 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 2 Several new members of the genus Gyrovirus (family Circoviridae) have been described during the past three years. Chicken anaemia virus (CAV) causes anaemia, bone marrow atrophy and severe immunosuppression in poultry, and represents the prototype species within the genus. Newly described members include human gyrovirus (HGyV), avian gyrovirus 2 (AGV2), GyV3, GyV4,. Of interest, some of these new gyrovirus types have been identified in human skin (HGyV), blood (HGyV) and stool (all gyroviruses) specimens, although the etiologic role of these viruses in a human disease has not been revealed [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Furthermore, in addition to CAV, AGV2, HGyV and GyV4 have been also detected in chicken serum, meat and skin [1][2][3].In this study, 23 diarrheic stool specimens were collected from 20 pet ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) housed in a shelter. The animals had a background disease characterized by lymph node and spleen enlargement.The majority of samples (21 samples of 18 ferrets) were subjected to viral metagenomics. In brief, the genomic RNA was extracted using the Viral RNA Mini kit (QIAGEN) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The RNA sample was denatured at 97°C for 5 min in the presence of 10 µM random hexamer tailed by a common PCR primer sequence [8]. Reverse transcription reaction mixture containing 400 µM dNTPs, 1X AMV RT buffer and 1 U AMV reverse transcriptase (Promega) was added and then incubated at 42°C for 45 min. 5 µl cDNA was amplified in a final reaction volume of 50 µl including 500 µM PCR primers, 200 µM dNTP mixture, 1.5 mM MgCl2, 1X Taq DNA polymerase buffer and 0.5 U Taq DNA polymerase (Thermo Scientific).The reaction conditions consisted of a denaturation step at 95°C for 3 min, 40 cycles of amplification (95°C for 30 sec, 48°C for 30 sec, 72°C for 2 min) and a final extension step at 72°C for 8 min.Enzymatic fragmentation was carried out from 100 ng of the amplified cDNA using the reagents of the surprising in the fecal specime...
The genomic sequence of a novel gyrovirus (GyV) 3 strain was detected from the fecal sample of a pet ferret.The length (2359 nt) and the basic genomic structure of this strain was very similar to that of the single known GyV3 reference strain, whereas the genome sequence identity between the two strains was only 76%. Similarly, moderate sequence homology was found within the predicted protein coding regions, VP1 (nt, 72%; aa, 76%), VP2 (nt, 84%; aa, 85%) and VP3 (nt, 85%; aa, 73%). Sequence identities were lower when comparing our strain with other GyV species (48-65% genome-wide nt identity). Phylogenetic analysis of the coding regions clustered the ferret origin GyV3 strain within Clade A. Although the available whole genomic sequence of novel GyVs permits limited conclusions to be drawn regarding the classification of the Hungarian GyV3 strain, our data indicate that this novel strain may be considered as a new genotype within GyV3. Further investigations are needed to reveal the genetic diversity and biological properties of newly described members of the Gyrovirus genus.
We report a case of cutaneous angiolipoleiomyoma (angiomyolipoma) found on the anterior wall of the ventral part of the abdomen of a three-year-old female budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus). Histologic examination of the well-circumscribed, surgically removed tumour (1.5 cm in diameter) showed a benign admixed proliferation of blood vessels of different size, smooth muscle bundles, and mature adipose tissue, without evidence of malignancy. Endothelial cells of the haemangioma component were positive for claudin-5 endothelium-specific immunohistochemical marker, and the leiomyoma component was positive for α-smooth muscle actin. The differentiated lipocytes showed S-100 protein positivity. The Ki-67 labelling index was 2 to 3%. The mesenchymal tumour was negative for HMB45 melanocytic immunhistochemical marker. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing a cutaneous angiolipoleiomyoma in a budgerigar with histological and immunohistochemical analyses.
A two-year-old male ferret (Mustela putorius furo) was presented to the Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, for investigation of somnolence. Following unsuccessful therapeutic attempts, the ferret was euthanased and a male Dirofilaria immitis worm was found in the pulmonary artery and a female D. immitis specimen in the subdural space of the cranial cavity. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first European record of D. immitis infection in a ferret, and the first case in which aberrant larval migration and consequent central nervous system signs were observed in a ferret in the course of D. immitis infection.
Hematologic and plasma biochemistry parameters of the white stork (Ciconia ciconia) were studied. Blood samples were taken from a total of 80 adult white storks kept in captivity in Hungarian zoos and bird repatriation stations, between 2002 and 2006. Hematologic (packed cell volume, 46.3% +/- 5.3%; hemoglobin concentration, 127.8 +/- 20.4 g/L; red blood cell counts, 2.28 +/- 0.35 10(12)/l/l; white blood cell counts, 21.6 +/- 4.2 10(9)/l/ l; heterophils, 61.0% +/- 9.8% [13.1 +/- 3.2 x 10(9)/L]; lymphocytes, 34.3% +/- 9.1% [7.4 +/- 2.5 x 10(9)/L]; monocytes, 3.44% +/- 2.3% [0.78 +/- 0.57 x 10(9)/L]; eosinophils 0.75% +/- 0.91% [0.16 +/- 0.21 x 10(9)/L]; basophils 0.38% +/- 0.56% [0.04 +/- 0.07 x 10(9)/L]) and plasma biochemistry values (aspartate aminotransferase, 267.5 +/- 145.8 U/L; L-gamma-glutamyltransferase, 47.6 +/- 49.3 U/L; lipase, 70.3 +/- 60.6 U/L; creatine kinase, 443.9 +/- 182.2 U/L; lactate dehydrogenase, 880.4 +/- 293.6 U/L; alkaline phosphatase, 177.5 +/- 116.6 U/L; amylase, 917.6 +/- 314.3 U/L; glutamate dehydrogenase, 7.3 +/- 4.0 U/L; total protein, 45.2 +/- 8.1 g/L; uric acid, 459.2 +/- 254.3 micromol/L; and bile acids, 46.3 +/- 20.5 micromol/L) were determined. The results obtained can be used as reference values, because there are no established values previously reported for adult white storks.
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