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The study examined the leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera and Bidens pilosa for presence of bioactive phytochemicals and their antioxidant activities on pH and lipid oxidation of fresh ground beef during 6 days cold storage. The results revealed that B. pilosa leaf extract contained higher amount of bioactive compounds and antioxidant contents (p < 0.05) than M. oleifera leaf extract. The extract of B. pilosa leaf exhibited higher antiradical activity against 2,2-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2íazino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radicals than M. oleifera leaf extract and standard butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (p < 0.05). Addition of M. oleifera and B. pilosa leaf extracts (0.5 and 1 g/kg) to fresh ground beef were found to lower the pH and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances values compared with control and BHT treatments (0.2 g/kg) during the storage period (p > 0.05). The antioxidant activities of the extracts indicate that M. oleifera and B. pilosa leaf can be used as nutraceuticals or preservative agents in food industry.Actividades antioxidantes de extractos de hoja de Moringa oleifera L. y Bidens pilosa L. y sus efectos en la estabilidad oxidativa de ternera cruda picada durante el almacenamiento en frío RESUMEN Este estudio examinó extractos de hoja de Moringa oleifera y Bidens pilosa para detectar la presencia de fitoquímicos bioactivos y sus actividades antioxidantes en el pH y la oxidación lipídica de ternera fresca picada durante 6 días de almacenamiento en frío. Los resultados revelaron que el extracto de B. pilosa contenía una mayor cantidad de compuestos bioactivos y contenido antioxidante (p < 0,05) que el extracto de M. oleifera. El extracto de B. pilosa exhibió una mayor actividad antiradical frente a los radicales DPPH y ABTS que el extracto de M. oleifera y BHT estándar (p < 0,05). La adición de extracto de hoja de M. oleifera y B. pilosa (0,5 y 1 g/kg) a la ternera fresca picada se encontró que obtuvo unos valores menores de pH y TBARS en comparación con la muestra control y los tratamientos BHT (0,2 g/kg) durante el periodo de almacenamiento (p > 0,05). Las actividades antioxidantes de los extractos indican que las hojas de M. oleifera y B. pilosa pueden ser utilizadas como agente nutracéutico o conservante en la industria alimentaria. ARTICLE HISTORY

Animals of both sexes are slaughtered for meat and meat products at the abattoirs. It has been found in few countries that one-out-of-every-three ewe and one-out-of-every-four doe with single, twin or multiple foetuses are slaughtered in registered slaughterhouses. In quest for meat, numerous viable embryos and foetuses are wasted unnoticed since the productive pregnant animals are not spared in the process. The trend in the slaughter of pregnant animals for meat (ranging from 54.5% to 70.1%) therefore calls for a review to reminisce issues on slaughter reforms, emphasize its implication on losses of genetic materials and sustainability of meat production. As a way of ensuring that welfare quality® assessment is not compromised and cruelty is prevented during animal slaughter, the quantitation of housekeeping genes and naturally occurring microRNAs (miRNAs) are recommended for identifying candidate pain biomarkers. In order to respect consumers’ right however, the manuscript suggests meat branding where the consumption of meat from pregnant animals is ethical.

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