This study identified that medication diluents contribute substantially to the total IV volume received by critically ill patients. Saline as the primary medication diluent compared with dextrose 5% in water is associated with hyperchloremia, a possible risk factor for acute kidney injury.

Vasopressin discontinuation prior to cessation of norepinephrine infusion was associated with an increased risk of hemodynamic instability.

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Anaesthesia, because it does not treat disease, must be as safe as possible. I Monitoring plays an important role in enhancing safety; however, the increased availability of monitoring equipment requires anaesthetists to consider what the monitoring requirements are in any given situation, In the USA, the minimum standards were derived in part from 'the actual daily practice' at nine Harvard-affiliated hospitals, 2 This study was carried out to document the daily practice at the Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, over a three-year period; the monitoring being used in patients who had intraoperative cardiac arrests was also studied in case information could be obtained which might prevent future problems of a similar nature,

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