The following conclusions and/or propositions are presented: The right hemisphere produces a global, nonverbal overview of emotional information; the left hemisphere seems dedicated to analysing emotions and higher explicit emotional cognitions. Both orbitoprefrontal cortices are important in affective aspects of alexithymia, while right temporal cortex is involved in cognitive aspects. Two subparts of anterior cingulate fulfil functions in the affective and cognitive dimensions of alexithymia. The amygdalae are involved in both cognitive and affective aspects. All structures mentioned can modulate one another. The role of interhemispheric information transfer via the corpus callosum and the anterior commissure is also discussed. The evidence that that cognitive processing of emotional information inhibits affective processing of such information is discussed in terms of its implications for a theory of alexithymia subtypes.

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Background: The P300 is an event-related potential occurring at about 300 ms post-stimulus. The P300 covaries in amplitude with the perceived significance of the stimulus as well as with its emotional valence. Alexithymia refers to severe reductions in the cognitive as well as affective components of the emotional experience. For these reasons the study into the P300 in alexithymic subjects is interesting. Two such studies have been published, one claiming results indicating lower P300 in alexithymics, one claiming the opposite result.Aims: The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of alexithymia on the P300 response.Method: High-and low-alexithymic individuals were drawn from a normal population (based on scores on the Bermond-Vorst Alexithymia Questionnaire) and participated in a visual oddball task while scalp EEG was recorded. The oddball task consisted of a series of non-target stimuli, intermixed with less frequent target stimuli, emotional stimuli, and neutral stimuli.Results: P300 amplitudes were enhanced for emotional compared with neutral pictures. Females showed higher P300 amplitudes compared with males. High-alexithymic women showed smaller P300 amplitudes than low-alexithymic women, irrespective of stimulus category. Furthermore, female low-alexithymics showed enhanced amplitudes for electrodes over the left compared with the right hemisphere. Suggestive evidence indicated that P300 amplitude was higher in high-compared with low-alexithymic males.

The main aim of the present study was to test Rogers’ theory, stating that parental styles characterized by unconditional positive regard (UPR) promote healthier adults than parental styles characterized by conditional regard (CR). For both caregivers CR was found to be associated with significantly higher scores on psychological complaints than UPR (on nearly all SCL-90 scales and the SCL-total score), even when controlling for gender. Although lack of emotional warmth by the father and harsh discipline by the mother were significant predictors of SCL-90-Total (indicating state neuroticism) it should be noted that both variables only explained a small amount of the total variance. Empirical evidence was found for Rogers’ theory. Others factors than merely emotional warmth and discipline play a role in the etiology of state neuroticism. For future research it is therefore recommended to include other factors, such as daily worries, temperament, and alexithymia

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The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of two independent variables; emotional intelligence and big five personalities, on the dependent variable, namely the bullying behavior of teenage santri at pesantren (Islamic boarding schools) in West Sumatra. This study used a quantitative approach with multiple regression analysis methods with a significance level of 0.05 or 5%. The sample consisted of 200 santri in pesantren of West Sumatra, taken using a non-probability sampling technique. The data collection instruments used the Wong and Law's Emotional Intelligence Scale, the Big Five Inventory and the Revised Olweus Bullying/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ). The results of this study indicate that there is a significant influence on emotional intelligence and big five personality toward bullying behavior of santri. Emotional intelligence consist of self-assessment, emotional assessment of others, emotional regulation, emotional use. The big five personality consist of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness. The hypothesis test results show that two minor hypotheses significantly affect the bullying behavior of santri in pesantren, namely the emotional regulation dimension of self-emotional assessment and the agreeableness dimension of the big five personalities.