An oligonucleotide primer (CgInt), synthesised from the variable internally transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of Collectotrichum gloeosporioides was used for PCR with primer ITS4 (from a conserved sequence of the rDNA) to amplify a 450-bp fragment from the 25 C. gloeosporioides isolates tested. This specific fragment was amplified from as little as 10 fg of fungal DNA. A similar sized fragment was amplified from DNA extracted from C. gloeosporioides-infected tomato tissue. RAPD analysis divided 39 C. gloeosporioides isolates into more than 12 groups linked to host source and geographic origin. Based on the results obtained, the potential of PCR for detection and differentiation of C. gloeosporioides is discussed.

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Much has been written about the skills that current engineers need and the desired attributes of the so-called twentyfirst century engineer. There is always debate around how much theoretical understanding a graduate engineer needs and how much practical application is required. This paper unpacks the requirements of twenty-first century engineers, from a UK perspective, and questions whether current civil engineering degrees are meeting such requirements. The requirements of existing professional bodies in the UK are critically reviewed. A key question is whether a post-modernist view of engineering should be adopted and the education aligned accordingly. A review of post-modernism, from a coastal engineering perspective, is presented and parallels are drawn with civil engineering.It is concluded that civil engineering degrees do adopt a post-modernist approach and are fit for the future based on current professional body requirements. It is further argued that to be even better prepared for the future, civil engineering educators and professional bodies should be cognisant of educational theories.