Software is an integrated part of new features within the automotive sector, car manufacturers, the Hersteller Initiative Software (HIS) consortium defined metrics to determine software quality. Yet, problems with assigning metrics to quality attributes often occur in practice. The specified boundary values lead to discussions between contractors and clients as different standards and metric sets are used. This paper studies metrics used in the automotive sector and the quality attributes they address. The HIS, ISO/IEC 25010:2011, and ISO/IEC 26262:2018 are utilized to draw a big picture illustrating (i) which metrics and boundary values are reported in literature, (ii) how the metrics match the standards, (iii) which quality attributes are addressed, and (iv) how the metrics are supported by tools. Our findings from analyzing 38 papers include a catalog of 112 metrics of which 17 define boundary values and 48 are supported by tools. Most of the metrics are concerned with source code, are generic, and not specifically designed for automotive software development. We conclude that many metrics exist, but a clear definition of the metrics' context, notably regarding the construction of flexible and efficient measurement suites, is missing.
Among numerous types of criminal activities, vehicle related crime contributes to personal injury as well as to economic losses. Over the last 10 years vehicle related crime continuously constitutes over 10% of all crime in Germany. However, vehicle related crime is not particularly a German phenomenon but even more a worldwide problem which does not respect national borders. Meanwhile, connected mobility gains importance and vehicles are increasingly equipped with advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). Additionally, the penetration of consumer electronics (CE) increases constantly. Hence, it seems promising to use these new technologies to tackle vehicle related crime. But to be able to apply these new technologies successfully against vehicle related crime, a systematic approach to understand these crimes in detail is necessary. To address this challenge, we apply two criminological theories, Rational Choice Perspective and Situational Crime Prevention, to the vehicle related context. We also provide an innovative idea for a countermeasure based on information and communication technologies (ICT).
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