(1) Capsaicin solution was applied for 15 min around a 1 cm length of sciatic nerve in the mid upper leg of adult rats. (2) Electron microscopic examinations of the nerve in the treated region after 14 days shows no signs of degeneration of either myelinated or unmyelinated fibres attributable to the capsaicin. (3) Fluoride resistant acid phosphatase FRAP disappears from the central terminals of the treated nerve by 7 days. (4) 1.5 mM capsaicin is sufficient to product a complete reduction of FRAP in the spinal cord. (5) The peptides substance P and cholecystokinin (CCK) are markedly depleted in the region of spinal cord terminations of the treated nerve at 14 days. (6) Substance P and CCk are not affected in spinal cord regions other than in the unmyelinated afferent terminal zone. Similarly neurotensin and neurophysin which are not present in afferent fibres are not influenced by capsaicin treatment of the sciatic. (7) It is concluded that there are chemical changes in the spinal cord terminals of fine afferents after local peripheral capsaicin.
HALL P. (1997) The future of the metropolis and its form, Reg. Studies 31, 211-220 In this paper, echoing the spirit and purpose of Michael Chisholm's best work, I discuss the economics of alternative patterns of land use and development. First, the paper revisits Anglo-American debates from the 1960s and 1970s on the economics of urban form. Second, it looks at significant new conclusions from work in Britain in the late-1980s and early-1990s. It then summarizes an emerging academic debate on sustainable urban development. Finally it looks at some relevant European policy initiatives on sustainable urban transportation and land use, and asks what pointers these intiatives offer to the future. HALL P. (1997) L'avenir du metropole et sa forme, Reg. Studies 31, 211-220. Se faisant l'echo de la pensee de Michael Chisholm, cet article cherche a discuter de l'economie des autres mode les relatifs a l'occupation et au developpement du sol. Primo, l'article reconsidere les debats angloamericains qui remontent aux annees 60 et 70 et qui portent sur l'economie de la forme urbaine. Secundo, il considere les resultats revelateurs qui proviennent des etudes faites en Grande-Bretagne a la fin des annees 80 et au debut des annees 90. Il s'ensuit un resume d'un debat academique naissant a propos du developpement urbain viable. Pour conclure, il examine quelques dispositifs politiques europeens pertinents au sujet du transport et de l'occupation du sol urbains et viables, et considere les indications de ces dispositifs quant a l'avenir. HALL P. (1997) Zukunft und Form der Metropole, Reg. Studies 31, 211-220. In diesem, Geist und Absichten Michael Chisholms hervorragendste Arbeiten widerspiegelnden Aufsatz wird die Wirtschaftlichkeit alternativer Bodennutzung und-entwicklung behandelt. Der Aufsatz kehrt zuna�chst zu den anglo-amerikanischen Diskussionen der sechziger und siebziger Jahre zuru�ck, welche die Wirtschaftlichkeit sta�dtischer Formen zum Thema hatten, um sich dann signifikanten neuen Schlussfolgerungen zuzuwenden, die auf Arbeiten in Grossbritannien gegen Ende der achtziger und zu Beginn der neunziger Jahre zuru�ckgehen. Dem folgt eine Zusammenfassung einer sich gegenwa�rtig herausbildenden akademischen Diskussion u�ber nachhaltige sta�dtische Entwicklung. Abschliessend werden gewisse diesbezu�gliche Initiativen der Europapolitik in Sachen nachhaltigen sta�dtischen Verkehrswesens und Bodennutzung besprochen, und die Frage nach ihrer zukunftweisenden Funktion auf geworfen.Metropolis, Sustainability, Transport, Land Use, Urban Economics,
Despite controversy about whether cerebral arteriosclerosis is a valid clinical entity and independent of senile dementia and/or ‘functional’ senile psychoses (Post, 1971), there is a good reason for differentiating it in clinical practice, and its incidence is increasing (Registrar General, 1960).
Twenty-one patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis were treated for twelve months with placebo or cyclandelate (Cyclospasmol), 400 mg four times daily, in a double-blind study with medication cross-over after six months. The group included 8 men and 13 women, with a mean age of 69 years. Each patient showed at least 5 of 9 signs or symptoms adopted as "inclusion criteria" for the study. Concomitant psychotropic or other drug therapy was standardized or matched during the trial, and periodic assessments were made of the patients' behavioral, physical, neurologic and psychiatric status. No serious side effects were observed. There was no significant difference between the cyclandelate and placebo phases in measurements of physical state. Changes on the gross behavior scales were insufficient for analysis. Tests of memory, control of manual dexterity and comprehension of everyday situations showed statistically significant improvement during the cyclandelate phase. In contrast to placebo, no measurable intellectual decline occurred during cyclandelate therapy.
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