Our purpose with this consensus statement is a call to action regarding oral health in sport since there is no evidence of an improving situation. As background, this paper will first summarise the key issues; what we know about oral health in elite sport, the impact of oral health on performance, how oral health might affect performance, why athletes have poor oral health and evidence-based oral health promotion and disease prevention. It will then conclude with recommendations to guide the improvement of oral health in elite athletes. Methods: this consensus statement is informed by a systematic review and subsequent discussion by participants of the symposium, Oral Health and Performance in Sport-Learning from London 2012, 4 April 2014, UCL, London. Since several articles have been written about orofacial trauma previously, the focus of this statement is concerned with oral health. WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT ORAL HEALTH IN ELITE SPORT? We conducted a detailed systematic review based on the focused question: 'What is the oral health of athletes and what is the effect of oral health on athletic training and performance?' 4 We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBSCO SPORTDiscus and OpenGrey up to October 2013 with no language restrictions. Duplicate screening, eligibility assessment, data abstraction and methodological quality
While the research base is limited, studies have consistently reported poor oral health in elite athletes since the first report from the 1968 Olympic Games. The finding is consistent both across selected samples attending dental clinics at major competitions and more representative sampling of teams and has led to calls from the International Olympic Committee for more accurate data on oral health. Poor oral health is an important issue directly as it can cause pain, negative effects on appearance and psychosocial effects on confidence and quality of life and may have long-term consequences for treatment burden. Self-reported evidence also suggests an impact on training and performance of athletes. There are many potential challenges to the oral health of athletes including nutritional, oral dehydration, exercise-induced immune suppression, lack of awareness, negative health behaviours and lack of prioritisation. However, in theory, oral diseases are preventable by simple interventions with good evidence of efficacy. The consensus statement aims to raise awareness of the issues of oral health in elite sport and recommends strategies for prevention and health promotion in addition to future research strategies.
Spatial, temporal, and modulatory factors affecting the evolvability of GasNets
In this article the authors report the implementation of an expanded compact intraoperative magnetic resonance (iMR) imager that is designed to overcome significant limitations of an earlier unit. The PoleStar N20 iMR imager has a stronger magnetic field than its predecessor (0.15 tesla compared with 0.12 tesla), a wider gap between magnet poles, and an ergonomically improved gantry design. The additional time needed in the operating room (OR) for use of iMR imaging and the number of sessions per patient were recorded. Stereotactic accuracy of the integrated navigational tool was assessed using a water-covered phantom. Of the 55 patients who have undergone surgery in the PoleStar N20 device, diagnoses included glioma in 13, meningioma in 12, pituitary adenoma in nine, other skull base lesions in seven, and miscellaneous other diagnoses. The extra time required for use of the system averaged 1.1 hours (range 0.5-2 hours). Imaging sessions averaged 2.3 per surgery (range one-six sessions). Measurement of stereotactic accuracy revealed that T1-weighted images were the most accurate. Thinner slices yielded measurably greater accuracy, although this was of questionable clinical significance (all sequences < or =4 mm had a mean error of < or = 1.8 mm). The position of the phantom in the center compared with the periphery of the magnetic field did not affect accuracy (mean error 0.9 mm for each). The PoleStar N20 appears to make intraoperative neuroimaging with a low-field-strength magnet much more practical than it was with the first-generation device. Greater ease of positioning resulted in a decrease in added time in the OR and encouraged a larger number of imaging sessions.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.