This paper considers the applicability of situation awareness concepts to safety in the control of complex systems. Much of the research to date has been conducted in aviation, which has obvious safety implications. It is argued that the concepts could be extended to other safety critical domains. The paper presents three theories of situational awareness: the three-level model, the interactive sub-systems approach, and the perceptual cycle. The difference between these theories is the extent to which they emphasise process or product as indicative of situational awareness. Some data from other studies are discussed, to consider the negative effects of losing situational awareness as this has serious safety implications. Finally, the application of situational awareness to system design, and training are presented.

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An emerging body of criminological research has sought to investigate the ‘incels’ movement. This article explores the construction of masculinities, gender and violence in a popular incel online forum. Here, we discuss results from a digital ethnography incorporating qualitative analysis of user posts, with a focus on three key overarching themes, namely: biological determinism, masculine humiliation and hierarchical gender relations. Our analysis draws on concepts such as hegemonic and hybrid masculinities (Demetriou 2001; Connell 2005; Bridges and Pascoe 2014), as well as Kimmel’s (2013) notion of ‘aggrieved entitlement’, to further develop understandings of the complexity of users’ framings of gender and masculine identity within the forum. Implications for future research in the field are then discussed.

We determined the distribution coefficients of solutes between a polymer film phase (polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with 67% (w/w) dioctyl sebacate (DOS)) and an aqueous phase in a 96-well format. The parallel measurement approach is efficient and uses very little material. Polymer-water distribution coefficients (Dpw) at different pH values yield the pKa and polymer-water partition coefficient values (Ppw) of the solutes. Log Ppw of a prominent drug-like compound, 2H-1, 2, 6-thiadiazine, 3-methyl-5-phenyl-, 1, 1-dioxide, is in good agreement with cLogP, while the pKa value is substantially different from calculated values. This method has been also successfully applied to a library of novel drug-like compounds. Log Dpw values (at pH 4.0, 7.0, 10.0) of 24 novel drug-like compounds have been determined with good reproducibility with the 96-well plate approach. Differences between experimental values and a variety of available calculated values are significant. This emphasizes the need for laboratory separations-based measurements of logD.

The interdiction and detention of irregular arrivals has become one of the key means by which wealthy states enforce and promote secure mobility. This article presents a detailed genealogy of the problems and solutions that enabled Australia’s Christmas Island to become an integral site for the reproduction of Australian society through practices of border protection. A close examination of Christmas Island reveals broader, deeper currents that follow the shifting shapes of state internationally, and the dreams and ruins such transformations produce in their wake.

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There is a persistent belief in the United States that swimming immediately after eating will cause stomach cramps, which could lead to drowning. This review surveys the scholarly literature to investigate whether any correlation exists between eating and fatal or non-fatal drowning events and to establish whether it is safe to swim after eating.