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In contrast to previous reports, iliac arteriopathy among competition bicyclists may occur in women. The microscopic lesions responsible for stenosis are more varied than the "endofibrosis" that has been previously documented. In addition to the intimal fibrosis and luminal thrombosis noted by others, we describe medial and adventitial responses to repetitive trauma. Accordingly, we favor the term "external iliac arteriopathy" for this disease entity.

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Active pedal plantarflexion is an office-based test that compares favorably with treadmill exercise for the noninvasive, safe, objective and economical assessment of lower extremity arterial occlusive disease.