Magnetic iron oxide, maghemite (Fe2O3) nanoparticles with covalent surface-bound CO-releasing molecules (CORMs) can be triggered to release CO through heating in an alternating magnetic field. In the proof-of-concept study the rate of CO-release from [RuCl(CO3)(μ-DOPA)]@maghemite nanoparticles was doubled upon exposure to an external alternating magnetic field (31.7 kAm(-1), 247 kHz, 25 °C, 39.9 mTesla, DOPA = dioxyphenyl-alaninato).
The development of CORMs (CO-releasing molecules) as a prodrug for CO administration in living organisms has attracted significant attention. CORMs offer the promising possibility of a safe and controllable release of CO in low amounts triggered by light, ligands, enzymes, etc. For the targeting of specific tissues or diseases and to prevent possible side effects from metals and other residues after CO release, these CORMs are attached to biocompatible systems, like peptides, polymers, nanoparticles, dendrimers, protein cages, non-wovens, tablets, and metal-organic frameworks. We discuss in this review the known CORM carrier conjugates, in short CORM conjugates, with covalently-bound or incorporated CORMs for medicinal and therapeutic applications. Most conjugates are nontoxic, show increasing half-lives of CO release, and make use of the EPR-effect, but still show problems because of a continuous background of CO release and the absence of an on/off-switch for the CO release.
Keywords: Carbon monoxide / Carbonyl ligands / Polymer conjugates / Manganese / EPR effect / Cytotoxicity CO-releasing molecules (CORMs) were coordinated to polymeric carrier systems for passive transport to tumour tissue or sites of inflammation, as described by the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. The developed conjugates consist of an organometallic fac-Mn(CO) 3 fragment, which is bound to a methacrylate or methacrylamide polymer backbone by bis(pyridylmethyl)amine-type ligands. The resulting Mn(CO) 3 -polymer conjugates were investigated as photoinducible CO-releasing molecules (photoCORMs). Furthermore, three model complexes [LMn(CO) 3 ]O 2 SCF 3
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