Mapping of debris flows by the morphometric analysis of DTM: a case study of the Vrátna dolina Valley, Slovakia The main objective of this contribution is to detect the morphogenetic processes by the numerical method of the differential geometry technique and compare the results with field surveying. The area of interest, the Vrátna dolina Valley, is located in the Malá Fatra Mountains in the northern part of Slovakia. Extensive mass movement deformations occurred in the surveyed area in 2014 induced by extreme precipitation events caused considerable damage. The Proxima software technology has been used to identify terrain elements using a precise digital terrain model (DTM) for the localisation of the debris flows head scarps. Precise DTM was derived from the airborne laser scanning (ALS) data. The morphometric analysis of landslide area was carried out on four selected locations. Verification of numerical mapping was performed by comparing results to the field survey data through visual comparison and area computation. Supplementary data was used in the form of orthophoto mosaics. The used spatial analysis applied on ALS data shows a high coincidence with the detection of the head scarps by field surveying, particularly in the hard to access and afforested areas. The main advantage of this approach lies in the reduction of field surveying and in the possible detection of the terrain changes not found during field surveying.
The objective of this paper is to evaluate the applicability of models and methods available for research to simulate runoff from snowmelt for operational purposes. Both the HYDROG model exclusively used in operational practice in the Czech Republic and the HEC-HMS model were evaluated in this study. In both models has been implemented the temperature index method to meet the given purpose of usage. While the HYDROG model is in fact basic implementation of the temperature index method, the HEC-HMS allows inclusion of other factors into the calculation, which are affecting the studied process, such as the cold content of snow cover, snowmelt above the active surface, thermal deficiency of snow cover, variability of ther mal factor. HEC-HMS allows the division of the research area or river sub basins into altitudinal zones. The upper stream of the Ostravice River was selected as the area of interest. Simulation was carried out on episodes occurring in 2006 and 2009. Although the temperature index method is not widely recommended for simulat ing the runoff for a time period shorter than one day, the results from both models in the given area proved that using appropriate input data, as well as parameterisation, can result in the values which are accurate enough even in one hour time periods. The value of the Nash-Sutcliff coefficient is larger than 0.5 in almost all cases, which generally indicates a satisfactory behaviour of the models during the simulation. Similarly, the satisfac tory results were achieved with other criteria used for assessing the accuracy of modelling.Complementing additional parameters into the temperature index method using HEC-HMS enabled better simulation of snow melt conditions than the simulation with HYDROG.
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