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Sc on the cell-free conversion characteristics suggests that, besides the species barrier, polymorphism barriers play a significant role in the transmissibility of prion diseases.

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In an approach to study effects of UV light on gene expression in human epidermal keratinocytes, a cDNA library was constructed from poly(A)RNA isolated after UV irradiation from cultured keratinocytes. The cDNA library was differentially screened with labelled cDNA probes synthesized on poly(A)RNA isolated from UV irradiated or nonirradiated keratinocytes. Forty clones were selected and subjected to further analysis, 31 of them are described in this report. Whereas total mRNA synthesis is reduced after UV irradiation or treatment with 4-NQO Northern blot analysis revealed that there is an at least relative increase in the level of mRNAs corresponding to the majority of the isolated cDNA clones. Among these 15 were identified as corresponding to mRNAs for 50K and 56K keratins and for 50K- and 46K-related keratin. In addition, clones were found corresponding to the proteinase inhibitor cystatin A and to the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Treatment of keratinocytes with the tumor promoter TPA had no effect on the mRNA level for most of the clones except those corresponding to keratins. Our results indicate that in keratinocytes UV irradiation leads to a relative increase in the level of some mRNAs.