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A content adaptive, network aware approach for joint optimization of wireless video transmission is presented in this article. The joint system optimization approach has been developed in the framework of the IST PHOENIX project (www.ist-phoenix.org).After a description of the considered crosslayer approach and of the information to be exchanged among the system component blocks, the concept of "JSCC/D controllers" is introduced. Results obtained through the demonstrator realized as proof-of-concept for the described paradigm are then shown, confirming the validity of the described joint optimization approach.

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In this paper, a one-pass multi-layer rate-distortion optimization algorithm is proposed for quality scalable video coding. To improve the overall coding efficiency, the MB mode in the base layer is selected not only based on its rate-distortion performance relative to this layer but also according to its impact on the enhancement layer. Moreover, the optimization module for residues is also improved to benefit inter-layer prediction. Simulations show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the most recent SVC reference software. For eight test sequences, a gain of 0.35 dB on average and 0.75 dB at maximum is achieved at a cost of less than 8% increase of the total coding time.

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This paper describes the file format defined for Scalable Video Coding. Techniques in the file format enable rapid extraction of scalable data, corresponding to the desired operating point. Significant assistance to file readers can be provided, and there is also great flexibility in the ways that the techniques can be used and combined, corresponding to different usages and application scenarios.

The sex-inducing pheromone of the multicellular green alga Volvox carteri is a glycoprotein that triggers development of males and females at a concentration <10(-16) M. By differential screening of a cDNA library, two novel genes were identified that are transcribed under the control of this pheromone. Unexpectedly, one gene product was characterized as a lysozyme/chitinase, and the other gene product was shown to encode a polypeptide with a striking modular composition. This polypeptide has a cysteine protease domain separated by an extensin-like module from three repeats of a chitin binding domain. In higher plants, similar protein families are known to play an important role in defense against fungi. Indeed, we found that the same set of genes triggered by the sexual pheromone was also inducible in V. carteri by wounding.

This paper presents an intra-frame prediction scheme designed for lossless coding using HEVC. The proposed coding method comprises a pixel-wise prediction based on original samples. It is realized as a separate intra prediction mode, which replaces the PLA-NAR mode. In order to perform the prediction, a four-sample template around the pixel that is to be predicted is compared to the respective template of a four-pixel neighborhood. For each reference template, the sum of absolute differences (SAD) is determined. A table look-up of the SAD value gives the respective weighting factor for each neighborhood pixel. The predictor for the current pixel is calculated as the weighted average of the neighborhood pixels. In comparison to the unmodified HEVC Test Model HM-9.1 configured for lossless coding by disabling/bypassing transformation, quantization, and in-loop filters, the proposed method provides average bitrate savings up to 10.88% for intra-only coding at similar computational complexity.