ATANASSOVA P., HRISCHEV P., ORBETZOVA M., NIKOLOV P., NIKOLOVA J., GEORGIEVA E. 2014. Expression of leptin, NGF and adiponectin in metabolic syndrome. Folia Biologica (Kraków) $ : 301-306. Adipose tissue secretes a variety of adipokines involved in the regulation of energy metabolism and insulin resistance. Metabolic syndrome corresponds to a clinical condition in which white adipose tissue is characterized by an increased production and secretion of inflammatory molecules which may have local effects on adipose tissue physiology but also systemic effects on other organs. The aim of this study was to assess the expression of leptin, NGF and adiponectin in women with metabolic syndrome compared to healthy controls. Plasma leptin, NGF and adiponectin levels were measured by the ELISA method. Leptin and NGF immunohistochemical expression was analyzed in subcutaneous adipose tissue. The results indicated that in women with metabolic syndrome waist circumference, body mass index, HOMA index, glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly increased in parallel with over-expressed plasma levels of leptin and NGF and decreased adiponectin. The immunohistochemical expression of leptin and NGF was very strong. In conclusion, this is the first study demonstrating a complex of immunochemical and immunohistochemical expression of the key adipokines including leptin, NGF and adiponectin in women with metabolic syndrome. Locally-produced pro-inflammatory adipokines probably contribute to the ethiopathogenic mechanisms of metabolic syndrome.
Pre-hypertension is a precursor of hypertension. Endothelial dysfunction is the key element for early prediction of cardiovascular events. We investigated whether flow mediated dilation, a non-invasive method for assessment of endothelial function, is decreased and if there is a parallel with some biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction. 103 patients with pre-hypertension at the age 43,5±6 years, were enrolled. Weight, body surface area, waist, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, plasma glucose were followed up for each patient, indicating statistically higher values in the pre-hypertensive subjects. Flow mediated dilation was reduced when compared to our control data from healthy volunteers. It was in parallel with ADMA and sVCAM-1. There were no significant differences in sICAM-1. Pre-hypertension objects demonstrated reduced flow mediated dilation and significantly changed ADMA and sVCAM-1. Intima-media thickness didn't show any significant differences between pre-hypertensive and healthy objects. In conclusion, there is a correlation between clinical chemical biomarkers, flow mediated dilation, endothelial dysfunction and pre-hypertension which confirms their role as a predictor of pre-hypertention and cardiovascular disorders and as a challenge for primary prevention.
CSBP, AIP, and sICAM-1 are higher in young adults with reduced physical activity. This plays substantial role in the acceleration of atherogenic process and in long-term perspective could promote cardiovascular diseases.
The case is of an 88-year-old female patient with an accidental finding of a large, calcified aneurysm near the cardiac apex. Differential diagnoses can be made with false aneurysms and congenital diverticulums. Imaging modalities beneficial for diagnosing LVA are ultrasound, X-rays, CT, MRI, including PET/CT for oncology patients.
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