The clinical presentation of uterine torsion is variable and clinical examination and ultrasonographic scanning may be insufficient for diagnosis. The method of choice for establishing the diagnosis is magnetic resonance imaging. Once the diagnosis of uterine torsion in pregnancy is established, emergency laparotomy is indicated. Following caesarean delivery, it is necessary to surgically remove all the anatomical causes of torsion, and rotate the uterus back to its normal position. There are some authors who suggest bilateral plication of the round ligaments as a preventive procedure for repeated torsion in puerperium and following pregnancies. The effectiveness of this method requires further investigation. It is necessary to have in mind the possibility of uterine torsion in all cases of abdominal pain during pregnancy and dystocia.
There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in pregnancy outcomes between the two studied therapeutic protocols, but the therapy with aspirin and low-molecular heparin was cheaper and easier to apply than the therapy with immunoglobulins. The results of our study confirmed that the final pathogenic mechanisms in recurrent fetal miscarriages were inflammation and thrombosis of the uteroplacental blood vessels.
The clinical presentation of spontaneous rupture of utero-ovarian blood vessels is not specific and clinical examination and ultrasonographic scanning may be insufficient for diagnosis. Once the diagnosis of spontaneous haematoperitoneum in pregnancy is established, emergency laparotomy is indicated. Following caesarean delivery, it is necessary to establish surgical haemostasis. There are some authors who suggest leaving the pregnancy intact in cases when the foetus is not viable, although one must have in mind the possibility of recurrent bleeding. The safety of this procedure requires further investigation. It is necessary to have in mind the possibility of blood vessel rupture in all cases of abdominal pain and hypotension of unknown origin during pregnancy.
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