An organisational approach to understanding how social enterprises address health inequities: A scoping reviewResearchers are turning greater attention to the role of social enterprise in addressing health inequities. However, few studies explicate the organisational features through which social enterprise may improve health equities. This article reports on a scoping study (Arksey and O'Malley 2005) that finds researchers are focusing on understanding the perspectives of target beneficiaries, thus examining the 'transactional' organisational features that are most apparent in daily life-including interpersonal relationships and the allocation of tasks. The role of 'transformational' features-including organisational strategy and leadership-remain relatively unexamined. Given that the transactional and transformational features of organisations are intertwined, future research should develop holistic analyses of organisations that show how social enterprises improve health equities and health equity outcomes.
In this article we inquire into the forms of intellectual work that are possible when non-Muslim, non-Arab, western academics (female PhD candidate, male PhD supervisor) seek to work together to analyse the war-blogs of a small number of Iraqi women. We confront the central challenge of how to understand and account for such things as freedom, choice, self, gender, politics and relationships in the stories these women tell about themselves. We discuss how, in working in/between Foucault and feminism, it is possible to establish spaces in which a useful, though provisional and shifting, vocabulary of critique can emerge. Our aim is not to be for or against feminism or Foucault. Our position is that Foucault's vocabulary of enlightenment and critique provides a means to think and talk about how we approach the task of accounting for the selves that we encounter in Iraqi women's blogs.
In this paper we re-visit the work of celebrity chef Jamie Oliver and the social enterprise Fifteen Foundation and their development of a programme designed to train unemployed young people in the hospitality industry. We argue, drawing on the Foucauldian literature on governmentality and technologies of the self, that social enterprise-based transitional labour-market programmes can best be understood as neo-liberal technologies of the self that seek to transform persons. In the face of precarious forms of youth labour market participation, the self -the marginalised, unemployed young person -can ill afford to be a smart arse.
Background
Previous research on employee well-being for those who have experienced social and economic disadvantage and those with previous or existing mental health conditions has focused mainly on programmatic interventions. The purpose of this research was to examine how organisational structures and processes (such as policies and culture) influence well-being of employees from these types of backgrounds.
Methods
A case study ethnographic approach which included in-depth qualitative analysis of 93 semi-structured interviews of employees, staff, and managers, together with participant observation of four social enterprises employing young people.
Results
The data revealed that young people were provided a combination of training, varied work tasks, psychosocial support, and encouragement to cultivate relationships among peers and management staff. This was enabled through the following elements: structure and space; funding, finance and industry orientation; organisational culture; policy and process; and fostering local service networks.. The findings further illustrate how organisational structures at these workplaces promoted an inclusive workplace environment in which participants self-reported a decrease in anxiety and depression, increased self-esteem, increased self-confidence and increased physical activity.
Conclusions
Replicating these types of organisational structures, processes, and culture requires consideration of complex systems perspectives on implementation fidelity which has implications for policy, practice and future research.
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