The complete mitochondrial genome of the Spadenose shark Scoliodon laticaudus has been determined for the first time in this study. It was 16,695 bp in length and consisted of 37 genes with typical gene order in vertebrate mitogenome. The nucleotide base content of S. laticaudus mitogenome was 31.5% A, 23.7% C, 13.2% G and 31.6% T. Two start codons (GTG and ATG) and three stop codons (AGA, TAG and TAA/T) were used in the protein-coding genes. The 22 tRNAs ranged from 67 bp (tRNA-Cys and tRNA-Ser2) to 75 bp (tRNA-Leu1) in length. The tRNA-Ser2 could not be folded into typical cloverleaf secondary structure by lacking the dihydrouridine (DHC) arm stem.
Isolated population of Indian horseshoe crabs, Tachypleus gigas plays an important role in the ecology of several marine organisms, and is being scrutinized for its abundance and morphology by many researchers. However, limited information is available about its genetic variability and evolution. Samples of horseshoe crab were collected from the east coasts of India and analysed for their phylogenetic relationship, genetic variability and structure within population based on the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene sequence. Analysis of molecular variance revealed two groups with significant genetic differentiation indices (F ST = 0.544, p < 0.001), and the number of migrants (Nm) was estimated as 0.11 individuals per generation. Maximum likelihood results revealed two distinct clusters, showing that the evolution of the Indian population was genetically diverse forming a separate clade from other Southeast Asian populations, moderately with a low gene flow. Considering the ecological, economic and evolutionary significance of T. gigas and its declining population, there is a pressing need for conservation measures.
The limited DNA sequence data of the polychaetes species are available from the Eastern Arabian Sea. We have sequenced 18S rDNA gene from 54 polychaetes species and 37 species identified up to the species level. The DNA bar-coding data provides for molecular identification of benthic polychaetes that will provide imminent into drivers of species diversity in the Eastern Arabian Sea. The 18S rDNA sequence data set is made publicly available to enable critical or extended analyzes of DNA bar-coding.
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