Two Rhizobium strains collected from chocho (Lupinus mutabilis, Sweet) plantations in the provinces of Tungurahua and Cotopaxi, Ecuador, were isolated and characterized in order to determine the effect of their inoculation on the vegetative development of Andean chocho, under semicontrolled conditions, under agricultural plastic cover. Molecular identification was performed by partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, and the contrast with the GenBank database for Rhizobium was positive (99.7% certainty). The strains obtained were suspended in a sodium alginate matrix, both polymerized in alginate beads in a 0.1 M CaCl2 solution and in suspension, to be inoculated on selected chochocho seeds. The effect of strain origin, inoculation method and substrates on plant vegetative development was evaluated. Vegetative development was influenced by the substrate used for germination. The black Andean soil allowed the migration of the bacteroids towards the roots, taking advantage of the retained capillary water. The clay loam soil determined the lower vegetative development of the plant, as it was more susceptible to dehydration under canopy conditions. Strain origin also influenced vegetative development, although it was not evident in nodulation. The strain originating in Tungurahua produced more vigorous plants, especially in interaction with the Andean black soil substrate. Nodulation was significantly influenced by the substrates sand and Andean black soil, resulting in a higher number of nodules.
This research aims to analyze the levels of CO2, O3 and VOC and their relationship with educational quality in engineering students at the National University of Chimborazo UNACH during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study had a quantitative, exploratory analysis design. The study had a quantitative, exploratory analysis design. Four environmental meteorological monitoring stations were used for data collection, to obtain contamination levels of VOC particles, temperature, winds, and precipitation. A questionnaire was also applied to 150 students of the UNACH, to determine the level of educational quality during the educational semester of COVID-19. The results were analyzed in a descriptive and comparative way with different sources and authors. Among the results it can be concluded that there was an almost total absence of chemical emissions by industries and vehicles in the city of Riobamba-Ecuador from March 2020 to July 2020. The covid-19 in no way has a positive side for the environment, nor for university education. The quality of education has been diminished by the lack of virtual academic training and lack of digital resources for students to receive educational training at a distance.
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