Exercise intensity affects the lymphocyte and neutrophil oxidant/antioxidant balance, but only exercise of high intensity induces lymphocyte oxidative damage.

The aim of the study was to determine the effects of an antioxidant supplementation, which includes coenzyme Q(10), on plasma and neutrophil oxidative stress and the antioxidant response after a soccer match. Nineteen voluntary male pre-professional footballers were randomly and double-blinded treated with either a multivitamin and mineral supplement (n = 8) or a placebo (n = 11). After the 3 months of supplementation, the sportsmen played a friendly soccer match of 60 min. The 3-month supplementation induced higher plasma ascorbate and coenzyme Q levels when compared to the placebo group. Antioxidant supplementation influenced plasma oxidative stress markers because they were lower in the supplemented group than in the placebo one after the match. The football match induced decreased neutrophil vitamin E levels and catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities but increased glutathione reductase activity. Antioxidant diet supplementation prevented plasma oxidative damage but did not influence the neutrophil response to a football match.

There is evidence to suggest that pterygium appears to induce unfavorable conditions of increasing TO that could trigger alterations in tear crystallization and GCD. Being aware of TO changes seems essential to understand the complex relationship among pterygium, tear film functions, and ocular surface changes.

To assess the effect of diet enrichment with L-arginine or supplementation at high doses on physiological adaptation during exercise, 9 athletes followed 3 different diets, each over 3 consecutive days, with a wash-out period of 4 d between training sessions: control diet (CD), 5.5 +/- 0.3 g/d of L-arginine; Diet 1 (rich in L-arginine food), 9.0 +/- 1.1 g/d of L-arginine; and Diet 2 (the same as CD but including an oral supplement of 15 g/d), 20.5 +/- 0.3 g/d of L-arginine. Plasma nitrate levels of each participant were determined on the day after each treatment. Participants performed a submaximal treadmill test (initial speed 10-11 km/hr, work increments 1 km/hr every 4 min until 85-90% VO2max, and passive recovery periods of 2 min). Oxygen uptake and heart rate were monitored throughout the test. Blood lactate concentration ([La-]b) was determined at the end of each stage. Repeated-measures ANOVA and paired Student's t tests were used to compare the various physiological parameters between diets. The level of significance was set at p < .05. [La-]b showed a significant effect at the 5-min time point between CD and Diet 2 (CD 3.0 +/- 0.5 mM, Diet 2 2.5 +/- 0.5 mM, p = .03), but this tendency was not found at higher exercise intensities. No significant differences were observed in any of the cardiorespiratory or plasma nitrate levels. In conclusion, dietary L-arginine intake on the days preceding the test does not improve physiological parameters during exercise.