Radiologic and clinical indicators of periodontal destruction were increased in individuals with poorly controlled T2D. Low SES aggravated the periodontal condition in individuals with T2D.
Background
The association between periodontal conditions, oral yeast colonisation and salivary proteins in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not yet documented. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between these variables in type 2 diabetic subjects with reference to gender.
Methods
Fifty-eight type 2 diabetic subjects (23 males and 35 females) with random blood glucose level ≥ 11.1 mmol/L were investigated. Periodontal conditions (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], probing pocket depth [PD] (4 to 6 mm and ≥ 6 mm), oral yeasts, salivary immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgG and total protein concentrations, and number of present teeth were determined.
Results
Periodontal conditions (PI [
p
< 0.00001], BOP [
p
< 0.01] and PD of 4 to 6 mm [
p
< 0.001], salivary IgG (μg)/mg protein (
p
< 0.001) and salivary total protein concentrations (
p
< 0.05) were higher in type 2 diabetic females with
Candida albicans
(
C. albicans
) colonisation compared to males in the same group. Type 2 diabetic females with
C. albicans
colonisation had more teeth compared to males in the same group (
p
< 0.0001).
Conclusion
Clinical and salivary parameters of periodontal inflammation (BOP and IgG (μg)/mg protein) were higher in type 2 diabetic females with oral
C. albicans
colonisation compared to males in the same group. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the association of gender with these variables in subjects with T2D.
In subjects without T2D, gutka-chewers have severe periodontal conditions and oral symptoms compared to non-chewers. In subjects with T2D, the severity of these variables is related to glycemic levels rather than gutka consumption.
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