Comparison of Periodontal and Socioeconomic Status Between Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Non‐Diabetic Controls

Abstract

Radiologic and clinical indicators of periodontal destruction were increased in individuals with poorly controlled T2D. Low SES aggravated the periodontal condition in individuals with T2D.

Comparison of peri‐implant clinical and radiographic status around short (6 mm in length) dental implants placed in cigarette‐smokers and never‐smokers: Six‐year follow‐up results

“…Increasing age is a riskfactor for alveolar bone resorption (ABR) around natural teeth. 7 In the study by Javed and colleagues, 7 ABR was significantly higher among 60 years old compared with younger individuals, 45 years old. It is therefore hypothesized that CBL around short dental implants is signifi- It is pertinent to note that participants in groups 1 and 2 underwent biannual mechanical plaque and calculus debridement.…”

“…This hypothesis was based results from previous clinical studies in which, oral soft tissue inflammation and alveolar bone loss (ABL) around natural teeth and dental implants was shown to be significantly higher among CS compared with NS. 7,16,19,20 Moreover, tobacco smoking increases the AGES-RAGE interactions thereby increasing the production of destructive inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and IL-1b. 10,11 Increased levels of these cytokines in the oral fluids have been associated with the etiology of periodontal and peri-implant diseases.…”

“…CBL was defined as the linear distance from 2 mm below the implant-abutment interface to the most crestal location of jaw bone. 7 Digital bitewing radiographs (Ektaspeed plus; Kodak, Rochester, New York) were taken; and the mean mesial and distal peri-implant CBL was measured to the nearest millimeter in both groups using a software program (Scion Image, Scion Corp, Fredrick, Maryland).…”

Short-term effects of scaling and root planing with or without adjunctive use of an essential-oil-based mouthwash in the treatment of periodontal inflammation in smokers

“…Smokers were defi ned as individual who reported to have been smoking at least one cigarette daily since at least 1 year [10]. Habitual alcohol consumers, patients who were currently using or had a history of antibiotic and/or steroid intake; patients having undergone periodontal therapy within the past 6 months, pregnancy, and/or lactation; and patients with self-reported systemic diseases such as poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, renal disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and acquired immune defi ciency syndrome were not sought.…”

“…Among patients in Group-1 and -2, periodontal parameters (plaque index [PI] [10], bleeding on probing [BOP] [11], and probing pocket depth [PPD] ≥ 4 mm) [12] were assessed at baseline and 90 days after the respective treatment.…”