Penyalahgunaan narkotika dan psikotropika yang terus meningkat tidak terlepas dari mudahnya dalam mendapatkan prekursor narkotika. Belum adanya sistem pengawasan penggunaan sediaan jadi prekursor dan obat-obatan tertentu mengakibatkan jenis sediaan tersebut seringkali disalahgunakan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan prototipe sistem informasi pelaporan prekursor dan obat-obatan tertentu untuk memudahkan pengawasan terhadap distribusi prekursor di unit pelayanan kefarmasian. Prototipe sistem informasi pelaporan ini dikembangkan dengan menggunakan metode RAD (Rapid Application Development) dimana proses bisnis dirancang pada fase awal pengembangan dengan tujuan untuk memastikan kebutuhan pengguna. Penelitian ini berhasil mengembangkan prototipe sistem informasi pelaporan prekursor dan obat-obatan tertentu sesuai dengan kebutuhan penggunanya. Diharapkan prototipe yang dikembangkan dapat didemonstrasikan pada lingkungan yang relevan.
ABSTRACT Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious pulmonary infectious disease that is still a health problem in the world, especially developing countries. Tuberculosis has been proclaimed by WHO (World Health Organization) as Global Emergency since 1992. The purpose of this study is to find out what physical characteristics are at risk of tuberculosis in DKT Hospital Purwokerto. The research design used in this study was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach to determine the characteristics of pulmonary TB patients who were adherent to treatment and those who did not comply with treatment at the DKT Hospital in Purwokerto. This research was conducted at the DKT Purwokerto Hospital in May 2018. The samples studied in this study were pulmonary TB patients who were obedient to treatment and non-compliance with treatment at the DKT Purwokerto Hospital for the period of 1 January - 30 December 2017 that met the sample criteria. The results of the study have no relationship between age and the results of sputum examination at the Purwokerto DKT Hospital (p value = 0.286), there is no relationship between sex with the results of sputum examination at DKT Purwokerto Hospital (p value = 0.261). Keywords: Pulmonary TBC, Characteristics, Phlegm Examination
−GAD (Generalized anxiety disorder) or Comprehensive Anxiety Disorder is a feeling of severe anxiety that is persistent, accompanied by somatic symptoms that cause social function and work function disorders. GAD patients often get more than two types of drugs thereby increasing the likelihood of drug interactions. The mechanism of drug interactions is divided into pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. This study was aimed to investigate the potential for drug interactions and management of drug interaction events so it was able to minimize the incidence of drug interaction in GAD patients in YANKESWA Banyumas Regional Hospital by providing rational therapy. The method of this research was a retrospective observational study. Data were analyzed descriptively using Stockley's Drug Interaction, Drug Interaction Facts and www.drugs.com database. The results revealed that of 47 GAD patients, there were 89.36% incidence of drug interactions, with pharmacodynamic interactions dominating 68.57% compared to pharmacokinetics 31.42%. The most common interaction is the interaction between sertraline and alprazolam.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is an anxiety disorder with an estimated 6 % of Indonesia's population. The medication of anxiolytic must be administered appropriately according to the patient's clinical condition. This is due to the variability of individual responses to anxiolytic drugs. This study was aimed to explore the type of drug, the determinant of patient (age, gender, occupation), and duration of treatment. The study was conducted retrospectively since January 1 st 2017 until December 31 st 2018 at Polyclinic YANKESWA Banyumas Hospital. The sample of this study were 47 patients who meet the inclusion criteria, who received anti-anxiety drug therapy for 6-24 month, and had a complete list of clinical therapies. The results of the study showed that there were 47 medical record data of patients, with a range of age 22-63 years; and various job statuses. The therapy received by GAD patients was anxiolytic drug such as Benzodiazepines group including Alprazolam (41%), Clobazam (9%), and Lorazepam (11%), SSRIs include: Fluoxetine (6%), Sertraline (14%) and TCA: Amitriptyline (8%).
ABSTRACT Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious pulmonary infectious disease that is still a health problem in the world, especially developing countries. Tuberculosis has been proclaimed by WHO (World Health Organization) as Global Emergency since 1992. The purpose of this study is to find out what physical characteristics are at risk of tuberculosis in DKT Hospital Purwokerto. The research design used in this study was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach to determine the characteristics of pulmonary TB patients who were adherent to treatment and those who did not comply with treatment at the DKT Hospital in Purwokerto. This research was conducted at the DKT Purwokerto Hospital in May 2018. The samples studied in this study were pulmonary TB patients who were obedient to treatment and non-compliance with treatment at the DKT Purwokerto Hospital for the period of 1 January - 30 December 2017 that met the sample criteria. The results of the study have no relationship between age and the results of sputum examination at the Purwokerto DKT Hospital (p value = 0.286), there is no relationship between sex with the results of sputum examination at DKT Purwokerto Hospital (p value = 0.261). Keywords: Pulmonary TBC, Characteristics, Phlegm Examination
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan efek ekstrak eksokarp buah semangka (citrullus lanatus (thunb.)) dengan ekstrak daun salam (syzygium polyanthum) serta kombinasi keduanya dalam menurunkan kadar kolesterol. Induksi hiperkolesterolemia dilakukan dengan pemberian suspensi propiltiourasil (PTU). Metode penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan rancangan Pre-test dan Post-test with control group. Mencit dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok yaitu kelompok perlakuan (1, 2, dan 3) dan kontrol negatif (K-), kontrol positif (K+), dan kontrol normal. Dosis yang digunakan yaitu K1 ekstrak eksokarp buah semangka 500 mg/kgBB, K2 ekstrak daun salam 400 mg/kgBB, dan K3 kombinasi ekstrak eksokarp buah semangka dan ekstrak daun salam 500;400 mg/kgBB. Sedangkan kelompok K- diberikan Na-CMC 1%, K+ diberikan Simvastatin 10 mg/kgBB, dan kontrol normal tanpa perlakuan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan pada kelompok kontrol positif menunjukkan penurunan kadar kolesterol total mencit yaitu 50.67± 35.82mg/dL, kontrol negatif menunjukkan penurunan kadar kolesterol hanya 2.67±1.89mg/dL, sedangkan pada kelompok normal (tanpa perlakuan) menunjukan peningkatan kadar kolesterol yaitu 6,66±4.70mg/dL. K1 menunjukan penurunan kadar kolesterol yaitu 51±36.06 mg/Dl, sementara K2 menunjukan penurunan kadar kolesterol sebesar 50.33±35.59 mg/dL, dan K3 menunjukan penurunan kadar kolesterol sebesar 86.67±61.28mg/dL. Berdasarkan hasil dari tiga kelompok tersebut menunjukkan adanya pengaruh dalam menurunkan kadarr kolesterol total pada mencit.
Bahan baku prekursor merupakan bahan dasar dalam pembuatan psikotropika dan narkotika. Prekursor dapat disalahgunakan oleh pelaku kejahatan dalam pembuatan psikotropika dan narkotika. Penyalahgunaan prekursor biasanya digunakan sebagai obat penenang. Penyalahgunaan terhadap obat-obat golongan narkotika, psikotropika dan obat lain yang mengandung prekursor menurun seiring bertambah ketatnya pengawasan, namun beberapa tahun terakhir penyalahgunaan terjadi pada beberapa obat lain yang memiliki efek serupa dengan narkotika dan psikotropika, yaitu obat dengan komposisi zat aktif Dekstrometorfan dan Karisoprodol. Setelah Badan POM menindaklanjuti penyalahgunaan dengan penarikan NIE Dekstrometorfan sediaan tunggal dan Karisoprodol, penyalahgunaan beralih kepada Tramadol, Haloperidol, Triheksifenidil, Amytriptilin, Klorpromazin yang selanjutnya disebut sebagai obat-obat tertentu (OOT). Apotek sebagai tempat yang banyak menyalurkan prekursor dan OOT kepada konsumen/pasien, tetapi pelaporan ke dinas kesehatan masih secara manual bahkan masih banyak yang tidak melaporkan penggunaannya ke dinas kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan pengembangan dan evaluasi aplikasi pelaporan prekursor dan OOT untuk memfasilitasi apotek dalam pembuatan pelaporan secara tepat waktu. Diharapkan pengawasan dan pengendalian dapat dilakukan dengan mudah. Metode yang digunakan dengan menggunakan prinsip penelitian partisipatif berbasis komunitas, kami membagi 3 tahapan metodologi. Salah satu tahapan yang dilaksanakan yaitu pemaparan alur pelaporan prekursor dan OOT. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu memulai pengembangan aplikasi dengan menggunakan pendekatan Rappid Application Development (RAD). Tahapan pada analisis alur pelaporan prekursor dan OOT yaitu admin, user terdaftar, user belum terdaftar, fungsi registrasi, fungsi pelaporan dan fungsi berita dan diskusi. Serangkaian pemodelan diatas digunakan sebagai acuan untuk memasuki tahapan selanjutnya seperti desain antarmuka, desain arsitektur sampai dengan pengkodean.
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