Introduction non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are projected to become the leading cause of death in Africa by 2030. Gender and socio-economic differences influence the prevalence of NCDs and their risk factors. Methods we performed a secondary analysis of the STEPS 2015 data to determine prevalence and correlation between diabetes, hypertension, harmful alcohol use, smoking, obesity and injuries across age, gender, residence and socio-economic strata. Results tobacco use prevalence was 13.5% (males 19.9%, females 0.9%, p<0.001); harmful alcohol use was 12.6% (males 18.1%, females 2.2%, p<0.001); central obesity was 27.9% (females 49.5%, males 32.9%, p=0.017); type 2 diabetes prevalence 3.1% (males 2.0%, females 2.8%, p=0.048); elevated blood pressure prevalence was 23.8% (males 25.1%, females 22.6%, p<0.001), non-use of helmets 72.8% (males 89.5%, females 56.0%, p=0.031) and seat belts non-use 67.9% (males 79.8%, females 56.0%, p=0.027). Respondents with <12 years of formal education had higher prevalence of non-use of helmets (81.7% versus 54.1%, p=0.03) and seat belts (73.0% versus 53.9%, p=0.039). Respondents in the highest wealth quintile had higher prevalence of type II diabetes compared with those in the lowest (5.2% versus 1.6%,p=0.008). Rural dwellers had 35% less odds of tobacco use (aOR 0.65, 95% CI 0.49, 0.86) compared with urban dwellers, those with ≥12 years of formal education had 89% less odds of tobacco use (aOR 0.11, 95% CI 0.07, 0.17) compared with <12 years, and those belonging to the wealthiest quintile had 64% higher odds of unhealthy diets (aOR 1.64, 95% CI 1.26, 2.14). Only 44% of respondents with type II diabetes and 16% with hypertension were aware of their diagnosis. Conclusion prevalence of NCD risk factors is high in Kenya and varies across socio-demographic attributes. Socio-demographic considerations should form part of multi-sectoral, integrated approach to reduce the NCD burden in Kenya.
Diabetes is one of the major non-communicable diseases and an important public health problem not only in Kenya but all over the world. It is estimated that the prevalence of diabetes in Kenya is at 5% among adults. Although the care regimen is complex, patients with good diabetes self-care behaviors can attain excellent glycemic control. It is vital that patients adhere to their stipulated routines to minimize the burden of the disease on the healthcare systems. The objective of this study was to determine the association between socio-economic and demographic factors with adherence to dietary guidelines among Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients in Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH), Eldoret. A cross-sectional study with mixed methods was conducted among 313 Type 2 DM patients at MTRH. Systematic random sampling was used to select the participants,while purposive sampling was used to select 6 key informants and 50 patients who participated in a Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Adherence to dietary guidelines was significantly associated with income (p< 0.001) and the frequency of attending clinics (p=0.001).Education levels (p= 0.634), Occupation(p=0.358) and Age (p=0.737) had no significant association with dietary adherence. Better ways should be explored in enhancing adherence to dietary guidelines for Type 2 DM patients with high income levels. The study findings are useful in informing implementation and evaluation of nutrition strategies for the control and management of Type 2 DM. This includes nutrition counseling and education,which would inform decisions leading to optimal quality care and cost-effectiveness in the management of Type 2DM.
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