Artificial filled joints made of sand–clay mixtures with different clay weight fractions and saturations have different wave attenuation capacities. In this paper, the high amplitude impact test of sand–clay mixtures was carried out by using split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) equipment. The results showed that with the increase of clay weight fraction, the particle crushing decreased continuously, while the wave attenuation coefficient decreased first and then increased. When the weight fraction of clay was 50%, the wave attenuation coefficient reached the minimum among the tested working conditions, and the ratio of transmitted energy to incident energy reached the maximum. With the increase of saturation, the particle crushing decreased first and then increased, while the wave attenuation coefficient increased first and then decreased. When the saturation was 25%, the wave attenuation coefficient reached the maximum, and the proportion of transmitted energy to incident energy reached the minimum. Because of the lubrication of water reduced the friction between particle, the specimen more prone to deformation and particle crushing reduced. As the saturation increased, this effect gradually decreased. In the case of the wave absorbing layer of protective works, special attention should be paid to the adverse effects caused by groundwater.
Existing experimental evidence shows that the propagation of explosive waves in the free fields of soils is remarkably affected by the degree of saturation. In the surrounding rocks of underground protective structures, the underground water is normally unavoidable, which is supposed to reduce the isolation efficiency of a passive antiblast barrier. To investigate the effect of water saturation on the stress wave attenuation ability of infilled joints, impact tests were carried out on artificial joints filled with dry and saturated granular materials using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). The test results revealed that under the same conditions, the stress and energy transmission coefficients of the waves crossing saturated sand-filled joints were about 3.16–4.13 times and 9.75–11.4 times those of joints filled with dry sand, respectively. The dynamic stress-strain relationship of the filling layer during the impact process and the crushing index of the infill were analyzed. The results showed that the compressibility and the granular crushing index of the dry sand were much greater than that of the saturated sand, and the dynamic stress-strain relationship of the dry sand exhibited three-stage nonlinear characteristics. The experimental results quantitatively uncovered the serious adverse effect of water on the wave absorption properties and markedly diminished the potential of the filled joints as a wave elimination barrier, which should be a matter of great concern in the design of underground protective structures.
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