The set pair analysis is a system analysis method to deal with uncertain problem. The concepts of the main same, supper same, assimilation degree and the new determining levels law are stipulated to make up for the defects of routine set pair analysis about the weights and determining levels law based on the theories of improved entropy weight and set pair analysis malleability. The method to determine system level and rank order projects by the main same and assimilation degree was put forward, and then, the multi-factors degree set pair analysis fuzzy evaluation model (EWMFSPAFM) has been suggested. A study under taken groundwater environment evaluation as demonstration, the water resources are evaluated by the EWMFSPAFM. And the results are compared with the results of the routine set pair analysis evaluation model and improved set pair analysis evaluation model. It is showed that the EWMFSPAFM is structure simple, calculation easy, result practical and reasonable, the method feasible and reliable.
As two fundamental requirements to ensure secure communications over an insecure public network channel, password authentication and update of password have received considerable attention. To satisfy the above two requirements, Islam and Biswas (2013) proposed a password authentication and update scheme based on elliptic curve cryptography. They claimed that their scheme could withstand various attacks. Unfortunately, He et al. (2012) found Islam and Biswas' scheme is still vulnerable to offline password guessing attack and stolen-verifier attack. In this paper, a security enhanced scheme is developed to eliminate the identified weaknesses. The analysis shows that our scheme not only overcomes the security vulnerability in Islam et al.'s scheme, but also has better performance than their scheme. Then our scheme is more suitable for practical applications.Keywords: password authentication; elliptic curve cryptography; offline password guessing attack; stolen-verifier attack.Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Qiao, P. and Tu, H. (2014) 'A security enhanced password authentication and update scheme based on elliptic curve cryptography', Int. Wuhan University. His research interests include cryptography, internet of things security and smart card etc. He has published more than 20 refereed research papers and three books. He has served on TPC member of several international conferences and served as the reviewers of some professional journals and conferences.
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