Aptamers as the recognition element of the stochastic nanopore sensors have been under intense investigation. This paper reviews recent research advances in aptamer‐based nanopore sensing techniques, including the classification and selection of nanopores (biological nanopores, solid‐state nanopores, and nanopipettes), different strategies of aptamer‐based nanopore sensing, and their values and outlook for applications in areas such as environmental analysis, precision diagnosis, pharmaceutical industry, and security. Furthermore, the single‐molecule nanopore sensors have been applied to reveal the aptamer‐target interactions, such as recognition orientation, binding sites, and conformational heterogeneity dissociation kinetics at the single‐molecule level. In this review, recent research efforts to develop aptamer‐based single‐molecule nanopore sensors with high selectivity and sensitivity are highlighted, and some perspectives are drawn.
Base modifications play an essential role in cellular function, and the abnormal expressions of base modifications are associated with numerous diseases.Unfortunately, existing detection methods have difficulty obtaining sequence information of various modified nucleobases at the single-molecule resolution. Label-free single-molecule sequencing technology using biological nanopores can direct sequence canonical nucleobases. However, the discrimination of hundreds of noncanonical nucleobase modifications at the single-molecule resolution is still challenging. In this minireview, we introduced the recent advances in detecting nucleobase modifications using biological nanopores from nucleic acid translocation controlling, confinement effects on nucleobase discrimination, and applications of nanopore sequencers for modification detection.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.