Technological innovation with millimeter waves (mm waves), signals having carrier frequencies between 30 and 300 GHz, has become an increasingly important research field. While it is challenging to generate and distribute these high frequency signals using all-electronic means, photonic techniques that transfer the signals to the optical domain for processing can alleviate several of the issues that plague electronic components. By realizing optical signal processing in a photonic integrated circuit (PIC), one can considerably improve the performance, footprint, cost, weight, and energy efficiency of photonics-based mm-wave technologies. In this article, we detail the applications that rely on mm-wave generation and review the requirements for photonics-based technologies to achieve this functionality. We give an overview of the different PIC platforms, with a particular focus on hybrid silicon photonics, and detail how the performance of two key components in the generation of mm waves, photodetectors and modulators, can be optimized in these platforms. Finally, we discuss the potential of hybrid silicon photonics for extending mm-wave generation towards the THz domain and provide an outlook on whether these mm-wave applications will be a new milestone in the evolution of hybrid silicon photonics.
A prototype autostereoscopic three-dimensional (3D) light-emitting diode (LED) display using a cylindrical diffractive optical elements (C-DOEs) sheet as the optical steering element is proposed. The operation of the system and the calculation method of the system parameters are described in detail. The DOEs sheet is placed from a distance from the LED display panel which is five times smaller of the existing technology, and the column spacings of the pixels of the LED display panel are nonequal in order to equalize the distance between the viewing zones. The prototype has a 1.33m 2 display panel, 384×144 resolution and a horizontal field of view of 60°. The experimental result shows that the proposed method is a potential autostereoscopic technology for the large area LED displays.
We generate a continuously tunable terahertz beat note, with a maximum output power of 50 mW and frequency range from 807 to 915 GHz, by using the device implemented on a generic photonic integration platform.
The first sampled-grating distributed Bragg reflector laser based on a generic photonic integration platform, using standard building blocks, has been realized, with a 34-nm coarse and discrete tuning range and above 10-mW optical power.
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