Background-Ambient particulate matter (PM) exposure has been associated with respiratory function decline in epidemiological studies. We hypothesize that a possible underlying mechanism is the perturbation of airway microbiome by PM exposure. Methods-During October 2016-October 2017, on two human cohorts (n = 115 in total) in Shanghai China, we systematically collected three categories of data (1) respiratory functions, (2)

Developing efficient and low-cost catalysts is the key part for electrochemical reduction of CO2, and the bimetallic approach is a cost-effective strategy to find promising electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction. Herein, a low-cost Bi-modified Zn catalyst with nanoparticle morphologies was developed for electrochemical CO2 reduction to formate. The catalyst was prepared through a surface modification with a simple method. A maximum formate Faradaic efficiency of 94% was achieved at −0.8 V vs RHE. The high density of active sites offered by the metal–metal bifunctional interfaces and grain boundaries is the main factor determining the excellent performance of the Zn-Bi bimetallic catalyst.

Electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to high value-added chemicals is essential for sustainable development of human civilization. Seeking catalysts with high activity, selectivity, stability, and low cost is vital for CO2 conversion. Heteroatom doped carbon materials have proven to be very promising catalysts for CO2 reduction due to their low cost, high surface area, high conductivity, and excellent stability as well as high electrochemical activity. Herein, we report a N-doped nanoporous carbon sheet derived from cheap and renewable biomass Typha with high surface area, pore volume, and pyridinic N content, which achieved a much higher selectivity (90%) for CO at a much lower overpotential (−0.31 V) than most N-doped carbon materials. The calcination temperature has a great effect on porous structure and the kinds of N species in the catalyst, in which the pyridinic N species play important roles in catalytic performance.

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An intuitional hierarchical assembly, metaphorically referred to as a "blossom and yield fruit" process, from a discrete cluster {[Co14(CH3O)4(dpbt)6Cl12]·14CH3OH, ()} to 2D cluster organic frameworks {[Co14(CH3O)10(dpbt)6 Cl6]·12CH3OH, ()}, has been established. The magnetic ordering of was obviously improved compared with .

Electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in acidic media are crucial in proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells and other electrochemical devices. Achieving ideal ORR activity and durability in acidic media remains a challenge. Here, we developed a new NFeCo-CNT/NC nanocomposite electrocatalyst from the highly available and recyclable plant biomass Typha orientalis using a readily scalable approach. The electrocatalyst exhibits excellent ORR activity, superior stability and tolerance to methanol poisoning effects in acidic media. The value of the onset potential and half-peak potential of the typical product is only 70 mV and 65 mV less than that of Pt/C, respectively. The NFeCo-CNT and NFeCo-NC in the nanocomposite have synergistically enhanced ORR activities. The catalyst may have practical applications in fuel cells. One of the important accomplishments of this work is the discovery that trace Fe 3+ and Co 2+ can synergistically catalyze the growth of the carbon nanotubes when melamine serves as the CNT precursor. Fig. 6 (a) The effect of Fe and Co contents on the ORR activity; (b) the effect of annealing temperature on the ORR activity; (c) the effect of annealing time on the ORR activity; (f) the effect of amount of melamine on the ORR activity.This journal is

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