Two tripartite schemes with a pair of Bell states and a Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state respectively have been proposed recently by Zhang and Cheung for remotely sharing two restricted sets of operations in a deterministic manner [J. Phys. B 44 (2011) 165508]. In this paper, we generalize the schemes with the same quantum channels so that another six restricted sets of operations can be shared deterministically, too. Features about scheme security, sharer symmetry, ful¯llment determinacy and experimental feasibility are discussed and revealed. Moreover, some comparisons are also made from the aspects of quantum and classical resource consumption, necessary operation complexity and e±ciency.
Abstract. Agent-based modeling as a methodology for understanding natural phenomena is becoming increasingly popular in many disciplines of scientific research. Validation is still a significant problem for agentbased modelers and while various validation methodologies have been proposed, none have been widely adopted. Data plays a key role in the validation of any simulation system, typically large amounts of observable real world data are necessary to compare with model outputs. However, the complex nature of the studied natural systems will often make data collection difficult. This is certainly true for crowd and egress simulation, where data is limited and difficult to collect. In this paper we propose a new technique for validation of agent-based models, particularly those which relate to human behavior. This methodology adopts ideas from the field of Human Computation as a means of collecting large amounts of contextual behavioral data. The key principle is to use games as a means of framing behavioral questions to try and capture people's natural and instinctive decisions. We outline some key design challenges for such games and present one example game in the form of Escape. Escape is an egress based game where people are tasked to escape from rooms inhabited by other people. We show some preliminary studies which highlight some interesting applications of the game in addressing validation of behavioral based crowd and egress simulation.
Two three-party schemes are put forward for sharing quantum operations on a remote qutrit with local operation and classical communication as well as shared entanglements. The¯rst scheme uses a two-qutrit and three-qutrit non-maximally entangled states as quantum channels, while the second replaces the three-qutrit non-maximally entangled state with a two-qutrit. Both schemes are treated and compared from the four aspects of quantum and classical resource consumption, necessary-operation complexity, success probability and e±ciency. It is found that the latter is overall more optimal than the former as far as a restricted set of operations is concerned. In addition, comparisons of both schemes with other four relevant ones are also made to show their two features, including degree generalization and channel-state generalization. Furthermore, some concrete discussions on both schemes are made to expose their important features of security, symmetry and experimental feasibility. Particularly, it is revealed that the success probabilities and intrinsic e±ciencies in both schemes are completely determined by the shared entanglement.
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