It is of great interest for autonomous vehicles to predict the trajectory of other vehicles when planning a safe trajectory. To accurately predict the trajectory of the target vehicle, the interaction between vehicles must be considered. Interaction aware prediction methods track the previous trajectories of both the target vehicle and its surrounding vehicles. In this study, the authors consider trajectory prediction as a sequence‐to‐sequence prediction problem. They tackle this problem with an LSTM encoder–decoder framework. Moreover, they propose two spatial‐attention mechanisms to account for the interaction between vehicles, i.e. context attention and lane attention. Spatial‐attention mechanisms adopt the selective‐attention mechanism of human drivers. They choose context vectors to help the model understand the surrounding environment better and thus improve its prediction accuracy. They evaluate the authors’ methods on the highD data set recorded in German highways with root mean squared error metric. Their experimental results show superior performance to other state‐of‐the‐art methods. Code is available at https://github.com/momo1986/Spatial-attention.

Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) have been shown to initiate tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis in many cancer types. Although identification of CSCs through specific marker expression helps define the CSC compartment, it does not directly provide information on how or why this cancer cell subpopulation is more metastatic or tumorigenic. In this study, we comprehensively profiled the functional and biophysical characteristics of aggressive and lethal inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) CSCs at the single-cell level using multiple microengineered tools. We found distinct functional (cell migration, growth, adhesion, invasion, self-renewal) and biophysical (cell deformability, adhesion strength, contractility) properties of ALDH+ SUM149 IBC CSCs compared to their ALDH− non-CSC counterpart, providing biophysical insights into why CSCs has an enhanced propensity to metastasize. We further show that the cellular biophysical phenotype can predict and determine IBC cells’ tumorigenic ability. SUM149 and SUM159 IBC cells selected and modulated through biophysical attributes – adhesion and stiffness – showed characteristics of CSCs in vitro and enhanced tumorigenicity in in vivo murine models of primary tumor growth. Overall, our multiparametric cellular biophysical phenotyping and modulation of IBC CSCs yields a new understanding of IBC’s metastatic properties and how they might develop and be targeted for therapeutic interventions.

No abstract

The area rate of the toll road network is designed to influence the regional road network traffic flow configuration and an important factor of goods vehicle path selection, transportation, and other related departments in formulating the related standard. The toll rate is usually combined with the local passenger and cargo loading conditions. Adjusting and optimizing the charge policy, optimization of processes and methods is still facing many difficulties. In this paper, the model parameters and toll status of various goods vehicles are considered, and an optimization algorithm of toll rates for different vehicles in a large-scale road network is proposed. By constructing a traffic demand prediction model based on multiple truck classification, this paper analyzes the distribution status of network trucks and the final charging under the influence of different rates. At the bottom of the algorithm is an analytical model composed of nonlinear equations whose dimensions scale linearly with the scale of the road network. The scale of the road network is independent of the path set and link attribute. The model is verified and the parameters are calibrated by a small network. Finally, the Road network is selected for empirical analysis in Xinjiang Autonomous Region. A case study shows that the analytical structure information provided by the analytic network model enables the algorithm to quickly identify high quality solutions, and the algorithm has better simulation accuracy and premium rate design advantages.