In this work, we reported the fabrication and magnetoelectric coupling properties of the multiferroic CoFe 2 O 4-PbZr 0.2 Ti 0.8 O 3 (CFO-PZT) coaxial nanofibers synthesized by electrospinning technique. The coaxial structure of nanofibers was demonstrated by magnetic force microscope and transmission electron microscope. The multiferroic properties of coaxial nanofibers have been revealed by magnetic hysteresis loops and piezoresponse amplitude butterfly curves and phase hysteresis loops. The as-prepared coaxial nanofibers show an effective piezoelectric coefficient d 33 of 30 pm/V and a saturated magnetization of 12 emu/g. Their magnetoelectric response has been probed by means of the localized changes in magnetization after poling the domains of the composite system. A static, large converse magnetoelectric coupling coefficient of 1.2 × 10 −8 s/m was obtained in a single CFO-PZT nanofiber.
A model magnetoelectric system composed of a magnetostrictive film deposited on a ferroelectric single crystal is investigated by the phenomenological thermodynamic theory, in which the magnetocrystalline anisotropic energy, the magnetic-elastic energy, and applied electric energy, and so on are considered. The results show that upon applying the out-of-plane electric field, the in-plane magnetization of the heterostructures increases and out-of-plane magnetization decreases. The relative changes in electric field induced magnetization are discussed for both in-plane and out-of-plane cases. The analysis of the results indicated that through elastic coupling of the interface between the magnetostrictive films and ferroelectric substrates, the electric field induced change in magnetic anisotropy plays an important role in the magnetoelectric coupling in the heterostructures.
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