PurposeTo determine the renal sinus fat (RSF) volume and fat fraction (FF) in normal Chinese subjects using MRI fat fraction mapping and to explore their associations with age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and ectopic fat deposition.MethodsA total of 126 subjects were included in the analysis. RSF volume and FF, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) area, and hepatic and pancreatic FFs were measured for each subject. The comparisons in gender were determined using two-tailed t-tests or the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-test for normally or non-normally distributed data for continuous variables and the chi-square test for categorical variables. Comparisons of RFS volume and FF between right and left kidneys were determined using paired sample t-tests. Multivariable logistic models were performed to confirm whether RSF differences between men and women are independent of VAT or SAT area. When parameters were normally distributed, the Pearson correlation coefficient was used; otherwise, the Spearman correlation coefficient was applied.ResultsThe RSF volumes (cm3) of both kidneys in men (26.86 ± 8.81 for right and 31.62 ± 10.32 for left kidneys) were significantly bigger than those of women (21.47 ± 6.90 for right and 26.03 ± 8.55 for left kidneys) (P < 0.05). The RSF FFs (%) of both kidneys in men (28.33 ± 6.73 for right and 31.21 ± 6.29 for left kidneys) were significantly higher than those of the women (23.82 ± 7.74 for right and 27.92 ± 8.15 for left kidneys) (P < 0.05). The RSF differences between men and women are independent of SAT area and dependent of VAT area (except for right RSF volume). In addition, the RSF volumes and FFs in both kidneys in the overall subjects show significant correlations with age, BMI, VAT area, hepatic fat fraction and pancreatic fat fraction (P < 0.05). However, the patterns of these correlations varied by gender. The RSF volume and FF of left kidney were significantly larger than those of the right kidney (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe association between renal sinus fat and ectopic fat deposition explored in this study may help establish a consensus on the normal values of RSF volume and FF for the Chinese population. This will facilitate the identification of clinicopathological changes and aid in the investigation of whether RSF volume and FF can serve as early biomarkers for metabolic diseases and renal dysfunction in future studies.
Objective The purpose of this study was to obtain the infection status, exercise, anxiety and sleep quality of some Chinese residents who recovered from infection during the COVID-19 pandemic, explore the influencing factors of recovery status, and help improve the intervention measures for COVID-19 recovery. Methods This study is a sub-study, nested within a cross-sectional study, investigating the infection and physical and mental health of partially recovered residents in all 34 provincial areas of China during the COVID-19 epidemic. Results There were 1013 participants in this study, including 374 males and 639 females. The cardiopulmonary endurance after infection was significantly lower than that before infection (P<0.01). Among all participants, women (3.92±4.97) had more anxiety than men (3.33±4.54, P<0.01); The sleep score after infection (8.27±7.05) was significantly higher than that before infection (4.17±4.97, P<0.01). The days of fever remission in regular exercise and sedentary group were significantly shorter than those in irregular exercise and sedentary group (P<0.05). The days of fever remission in regular exercise group (1.81±1.91) was significantly shorter than that in irregular exercise group (2.02±1.95, P<0.05). The number of negative days in the non-sedentary group (7.32±3.24) was significantly lower than that in the sedentary group (7.66±3.06, P<0.05). Conclusions In this study, it was observed that the recovery time of symptoms after COVID-19 recovery was related to age, and the more symptoms there were, the worse cardiopulmonary fitness and sleep quality would be. Sedentary people and irregular exercise people generally took a longer time to turn negative. Therefore, appropriate exercise, psychological and sleep hygiene and other health interventions should be considered in COVID-19 recovery measures.
Waist circumference (WC) is a proxy of central body fat based on sex-specific cut-offs which was considered as an indicator for some health risks. However, no standardized protocols are available for WC measurements, especially for Chinese adults. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the five different waist circumference (WC) measures sites to find out the most appropriate WC measuring sites in Chinese adults. METHODS: 213 participants (107 males and 106 females) aged at 18-35 years attended the study. WC measuring sites were: superior margin of iliac crest (WC-1), lower margin of the twelfth rib (WC-2), the midpoint between the upper edge of iliac crest and the lower edge of the twelfth rib (WC-3), 1 cm superior the umbilicus (WC-4), narrowest waist (WC-5). WC measurements were conducted at five anatomical sites through an inelastic measuring tape which was measured to nearest 1 mm. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to conduct the mean WCs comparison.
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