Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a neurodevelopment disorder characterized with symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. It is know that nearly one sixth of the children diagnosed with ADHD have problems in sensory processing skill at a level to affect the daily life quality. In children diagnosed with ADHD, experiencing sensory processing problem without a certain cerebral lesion, it is shown in researches that neural connections and dopamine has central roles. It is emphasized in studies that objective measurement methods and laboratory findings should be developed to distinguish the bio-markers and sensory processing dysfunctions that may aid in the early diagnosis and treatment stages of ADHD. Methods: In this study 104 children with ADHD diagnosis have participated. The sensory processing skills of the participant who are conforming to the inclusion and exclusion criteria are evaluated with Sensory Profile Test Caregiver Survey. The urea, creatinine, ALT, AST, TSH, free T3, free T4, zinc, folic acid, vitamin D, vitamin B12 and ferritin values in the blood serum level are measured in fasting blood. The relations between the sensory processing skills and blood serum level values are statistically analyzed with Pearson test. Results and Conclusions: Our study had found out that in children with ADHD, the sensory processing skills is related with the folate, vitamin B12, zinc, creatinine values in the blood serum level.

Aim: It was aimed to evaluate the hematological inflammatory markers in treatment-naive and comorbidity-free children and adolescents with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in this study. Material and Methods: One hundred sixty-nine children aged 6-18, who were diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-5 criteria were included in the study. Age and sex-matched 59 healthy children without any psychiatric and/or medical disorder were included as a control group. The children who had an intellectual disability and/or autism spectrum disorder, acute, chronic or inflammatory diseases were excluded from the study. Smoking, obesity and using psychotropic medications and lack of data in records were other exclusion criteria. ADHD and control groups were compared in terms of sociodemographic characteristics, inflammatory markers and hematological parameters. Results: Mean platelet volume (MPV) and Basophil (BASO) levels were significantly higher in the ADHD group compared to the control group and this statistical difference was only observed for boys. In hyperactivity subtype, red cell distribution width (RDW), lymphocyte (LYMPH) and monocytes (MONO) were higher; in attention deficit subtype mean platelet volume-to-lymphocyte ratio (MPVLR) was higher than all other subtypes and control group. MPV was similar in three subtypes, and were higher in all of them than the control group. Conclusion: This study revealed that MPV and BASO tend to be higher in the ADHD group especially in boys. Hematological biomarkers may be useful for diagnosis of ADHD and determination of ADHD subtypes but data on this subject are insufficient and more comprehensive studies are needed.

The aim of this study is to determine functioning of adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) diagnosed in childhood and also depression and burnout levels among their parents. 261 adults with ASDs and their parents were recruited for the study. Both parents completed the Beck Depression and Maslach Burnout Inventories and reported the functioning of their adult offspring with ASDs. Only 5.4 % of our sample reported “good” or “very good” outcome. The most common psychiatric comorbidities were intellectual disabilities and attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Maternal burnout and depression scores were significantly elevated compared to those of fathers. There is an undeniable urgent need for more research to identify the needs of adults and families suffering from ASD.

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Managing treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (TR-OCD) is often a challenge for clinicians, especially when adolescents and children are the patients. Approximately one-quarter to one-third of children with OCD do not respond to first-line treatments. Studies on the combination of venlafaxine and mirtazapine in children and adolescents are promising, but there is insufficient information about the use of this combination in TR-OCD. As far as we know, this is the first report of an adolescent patient with TR-OCD who responded favorably to a combination of a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (venlafaxine), an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor antagonist (mirtazapine), and an atypical antipsychotic (aripiprazole). This case provides an example of the effective and safe use of the venlafaxine, mirtazapine, and aripiprazole given in combination in an adolescent with TR-OCD. [ Psychiatr Ann . 2020;50(11):509–512.]

We aim to explore the importance of early differential diagnosis of an organic etiology such as intestinal malrotation and psychiatric disorder. We present a child with an intestinal malrotation, who had no symptoms until she was 4 year old. The child presented with sudden cessation of oral food intake and constipation. The diagnosis was missed at another center, as there were many accompanying psychiatric symptoms. The child improved after surgery, and the severity of the psychiatric symptoms decreased. This case emphasizes that an organic disorder can be confused with a mental disorder. Many patients with intestinal malrotation present with abdominal discomfort since childhood, while others present with relatively sudden onset of symptoms. The clinician should consider all symptoms to avoid missing that important and treatable condition.

Aim:The aim of this study is to determine the severe and permanent disability of the children evaluated in the disabled health boards and to evaluate the predictors of severe and permanent disability. Material and Methods: Records of 1482 children who were referred to a university hospital health board for disability between the years 2013-2018 were screened retrospectively. Results: More than half (52.2%) of the children had a single psychopathology. 83.5% of the cases were severely disabled and 66.5% were permanently disabled. Severely disabled children were significantly more likely to have psychiatric, pediatric, neurological, orthopedic and otorhinolaringologic disorders. Permanent disability was significantly more frequent among patients with pediatric, ophthalmologic and cardiac disorders while children with psychopathologies were significantly less likely to have permanent disability. Mental retardation/intellectual developmental disorder levels differed in rates of permanent disability with pair-wise comparisons revealing that severe mental retardation/intellectual developmental disorder was the main factor. Severe disability was significantly more common among children younger than 8 years while permanent disability was more common among children >3 years. Children with psychopathology were 4.1 times more likely to have severe disability and this further increased to 15.3 for those with mental retardation/intellectual developmental disorder. Conclusion: This is the first study to evaluate the factors that affecting the decisions of permanent and severe disabilities in disability health boards. Comprehensive results have been achieved despite low generalizability. To provide consistent reports, further and multicenter studies on factors associated with severe and permanent disabilities in children are needed.

Öz Purpose: This study aims to examine the sociodemographic characteristics and comorbidity of children with masturbation. Materials and Methods: The medical records of the patients who applied with the complaint of masturbation were collected retrospectively. The records of children who applied to the clinic on the same dates and whose psychiatric examinations were considered normal were collected to form the control group. 98 patients and 101 healthy children included the study. Sociodemographic data, parental psychopathologies, comorbid disorders, and medical histories were examined and compared with the healthy control group. Results: Having less than two siblings was higher in the patient group. Fathers' psychiatric disorders were higher in the patients' group. When participants only older than 6 years are evaluated, this difference was higher. When the participants older than 6 years were compared, the history of seizures was significantly higher in the patient group. 54.08% of the patients had a comorbid psychiatric disorder. The most common comorbidities were attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (23.4%) and anxiety disorders (11.22%). The mean age of patients with ADHD was older than patients without ADHD. Conclusions: In this study the frequency of preterm birth, epileptic seizure, and ADHD was higher in the patient group that older than 6 years of age. These results may suggest that patients older than 6 years of age may require further psychiatric and neurological examinations.