Let Φ = {Φ n} be an aperiodic, positive recurrent Markov chain on a general state space, π its invariant probability measure and f ≧ 1. We consider the rate of (uniform) convergence of Ex[g(Φ n)] to the stationary limit π (g) for |g| ≦ f: specifically, we find conditions under which as n →∞, for suitable subgeometric rate functions r. We give sufficient conditions for this convergence to hold in terms of(i) the existence of suitably regular sets, i.e. sets on which (f, r)-modulated hitting time moments are bounded, and(ii) the existence of (f, r)-modulated drift conditions (Foster–Lyapunov conditions).The results are illustrated for random walks and for more general state space models.

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Purpose -In the past few years fashion blogs have become a popular form of user-generated content, and consequently, the fashion industry has shown great interest in fashion blog marketing. The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze consumer-to-consumer (C2C) electronic word-ofmouth (eWOM) in fashion blogs, and especially to compare naturally-occurring, i.e. organic eWOM with marketer-influenced, i.e. amplified eWOM. Design/methodology/approach -The study takes a netnographic approach to the phenomenon of fashion blogs. The empirical material consists of observational data including blog texts and audience comments of six popular fashion blogs in Finland. Findings -Findings indicate that although not as varied as organic, amplified eWOM content in consumer fashion blogs resembles organic content. The main topics discussed in organic eWOM include personal style, brands, designers and retailers, tips and advice as well as purchases. Amplified topics concerned products received by the blogger, brands, designers and retailers, tips given to the audience, and competitions. Practical implications -The findings indicate that for blog marketing to be effective and credible, the marketed fashion items, designers, or retailers need to fit the blogger's personal style. Originality/value -Social media, especially blogs, play an important role in contemporary fashion marketing. This study addresses the emerging, yet scarce area of research into how marketer influence on fashion bloggers can be seen in user-generated content.

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Let Φ = {Φ n } be an aperiodic, positive recurrent Markov chain on a general state space, π its invariant probability measure and f ≧ 1. We consider the rate of (uniform) convergence of E x [g(Φ n )] to the stationary limit π (g) for |g| ≦ f: specifically, we find conditions under which as n →∞, for suitable subgeometric rate functions r. We give sufficient conditions for this convergence to hold in terms of (i) the existence of suitably regular sets, i.e. sets on which (f, r)-modulated hitting time moments are bounded, and (ii) the existence of (f, r)-modulated drift conditions (Foster–Lyapunov conditions). The results are illustrated for random walks and for more general state space models.