At the most basic level of analysis, it is easy to see the extent to which sport, arguably more than any other form of social activity in the modern world, facilitates flag-waving and the playing of national anthems, both formally, at moments such as medal ceremonies, and informally through the activities of fans. It is important to appreciate, however, that the precise nature of the relationship between sport and nationalism varies dramatically from one political setting to another and that, as a consequence, it is vital that, in order to understand it, we are alert to a range of different concepts, theoretical approaches, and research methods. This chapter addresses these issues and examines the interplay between sport and nationalism in various parts of the world. Notably more attention is paid to the non-Western world than is common in such discussions. In addition, we identify athlete naturalization and sport and the politics of secessionism as two of the topics that are likely to be increasingly important in the future.
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