Environmental noise can pose a threat to the stable operation of current speech recognition systems. It is therefore essential to develop a front feature set that is able to identify speech under low signalto-noise ratio. In this paper, a robust fusion feature is proposed that can fully characterize speech information. To obtain the cochlear filter cepstral coefficients (CFCC), a novel feature is first extracted by the power-law nonlinear function, which can simulate the auditory characteristics of the human ear. Speech enhancement technology is then introduced into the front end of feature extraction, and the extracted feature and their first-order difference are combined in new mixed features. An energy feature Teager energy operator cepstral coefficient (TEOCC) is also extracted, and combined with the above-mentioned mixed features to form the fusion feature sets. Principal component analysis (PCA) is then applied to feature selection and optimization of the feature set, and the final feature set is used in a non-specific persons, isolated words, and smallvocabulary speech recognition system. Finally, a comparative experiment of speech recognition is designed to verify the advantages of the proposed feature set using a support vector machine (SVM). The experimental results show that the proposed feature set not only display a high recognition rate and excellent anti-noise performance in speech recognition, but can also fully characterize the auditory and energy information in the speech signals.INDEX TERMS Cochlear filter cepstral coefficients, Teager energy operators cepstral coefficients, principal component analysis, speech recognition.
The central aim of this experiment was to compare acoustic parameters, formant frequencies and vowel space area (VSA), in adolescents with hearing-impaired (HI) and their normal-hearing (NH) peers; for kinematic parameters, the movements of vocal organs, especially the lips, jaw and tongue, during vowel production were analysed. The participants were 12 adolescents with different degrees of hearing impairment. The control group consisted of 12 age-matched NH adolescents. All participants were native Chinese speakers who were asked to produce the Mandarin vowels /a/, /i/ and /u/, with subsequent acoustic and kinematic analysis. There was significant difference between the two groups. Additionally, the HI group produced more exaggerated mouth and less tongue movements in all vowels, compared to their NH peers. Results were discussed regarding possible relationship between acoustic data, articulatory movements and degree of hearing loss to provide an integrative assessment of acoustic and kinematic characteristics of individuals with hearing loss.
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