Part of the G protein (3094-4170 bp) of spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by dialysis in our study. Two clones of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs 1H11 and 4B8) against G protein were generated by fusion of mouse myeloma cell line SP2/0 and spleen lymphocytes from part of G protein (3094-4170 bp) immunized mice. The results of ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), IFA (indirect immunofluorescent assay), and Western blot assay further demonstrated the characterizations of the two MAbs. Both 1H11 and 4B8 were specific to SVCV G protein. Ten pairs of synthesized overlapping peptides were used to identify the epitope of the MAbs. The MAbs are useful in the development of SVCV diagnostic methods.
Melanoma is a type of highly invasive skin cancer derived from melanocytes with poor prognosis. Vemurafenib (PLX4032) is a clinically approved targeted therapeutic for BRAF mutant melanoma that has a high therapeutic response rate and significantly prolongs the overall survival time of patients with melanoma. Antioxidants have been widely used as supplements for cancer prevention and for decreasing the side effects of cancer therapy. However, antioxidants can also protect cancer cells from oxidative stress and promote cancer growth and progression. The present study aimed to examine the effect of the antioxidants coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and β-carotene on melanoma cell growth and invasiveness and on the cytotoxicity of vemurafenib against both vemurafenib-sensitive (SK-MEL-28) and vemurafenibresistant (A2058) human malignant melanoma cell lines. MTS assay and wound-healing assay demonstrated that CoQ10 alone significantly reduced the viability and migration of melanoma cells, respectively, and synergistically worked with vemurafenib to decrease the viability and migration of human melanoma cells. In contrast, MTS assay and flow cytometry revealed that β-carotene alone did not affect the viability and apoptosis induction of melanoma cells; however, it inhibited cell migration and invasiveness. Wound-healing and Transwell assay demonstrated that β-carotene alleviated the cytotoxicity of vemurafenib and mitigated the inhibitory effect of vemurafenib on cell migration and invasion. Both CoQ10 and β-carotene protected melanoma cells from undergoing apoptosis induced by vemurafenib. Immunoblotting demonstrated that β-carotene at physiological concentration worked synergistically with vemurafenib to suppress the Ras-Raf-Mek-Erk intracellular signaling pathway. The present study aimed to add to the evidence of the in vitro effects of CoQ10 and β-carotene on the antimelanoma effects of vemurafenib.
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