Glioma is the most common primary intracranial tumour, 1 caused by glial or precursor cells. Despite there are already some great advances in molecular targeted therapy, 2 immunotherapy 3 and other therapeutic strategies, the overall survival (OS) of glioma has not improved, and a 5-year OS overall survival rate less than 35%. 4 Rapid development in molecular biology and genomics 5,6 has contributed to the discovery of prognostic markers for glioma (such as IDH1/2mutation, 7 and MGMT methylation 8 ). However, current prognostic markers such as IDH and NOS are widely presented in glioma of different levels of malignancy, resulting in an insufficient guidance for the prognosis of glioma patients. 9 In addition, due to the complexity of tumorigenesis and development, the prognosis of cancer patients
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